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      SEROPREVALENCE OF SARS-CoV-2 AND ASSESSMENT OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC DETERMINANTS IN PORTUGUESE MUNICIPAL WORKERS

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          Abstract

          Objectives:

          To assess the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in municipal employees of Northern Portugal during the first pandemic wave (May–June 2020) and its association with potentially related risk factors for infection.

          Material and Methods:

          The authors assessed municipal employees of 2 cities in Northern Portugal, in whom serological tests to SARS-CoV-2 and an epidemiological survey were applied. The authors assessed the proportion of individuals presenting IgM and/or IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, and evaluated the association between having positive serological test results, epidemiologic variables and clinical presentations. Reported symptoms were evaluated on their sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values.

          Results:

          The authors assessed 1696 employees, of whom 22.0% were firefighters, 10.4% were police officers, 10.3% were maintenance workers, and 8.1% were administrative assistants. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 2.9% (95% CI: 2.1–3.7%). Administrative assistants comprised the professional group with highest seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 (OR = 1.9 in the comparison with other occupational groups, 95% CI: 0.8–4.3, p = 0.126). The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among those who were in direct contact with COVID-19 patients in their professional activity was 3.9%, compared to 2.7% among those who were not in direct contact with such patients (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 0.8–2.8, p = 0.222). The highest risk of infection was associated with the presence of a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in the household (OR = 17.4, 95% CI: 8.3–36.8, p < 0.001). Living with a healthcare professional was not associated with a higher risk of infection (OR = 1.0, 95% CI: 0.4–2.5, p = 0.934). Anosmia/dysgeusia was the symptom with the highest positive predictive value (52.2%, 95% CI: 31.8–72.6, p < 0.001) and specificity (99.3%, 95% CI: 98.9–99.7, p < 0.001), while cough was the most prevalent symptom among SARS-CoV-2 seropositive participants (36%).

          Conclusions:

          The authors observed a SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence of 2.9% among assessed municipal employees. Anosmia/dysgeusia was the COVID-19 symptom which displayed the highest positive predictive value and specificity. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2022;35(3):297 – 307

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          Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China

          Wei-jie Guan, Zheng-yi Ni, Yu Hu … (2020)
          Abstract Background Since December 2019, when coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) emerged in Wuhan city and rapidly spread throughout China, data have been needed on the clinical characteristics of the affected patients. Methods We extracted data regarding 1099 patients with laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 from 552 hospitals in 30 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in mainland China through January 29, 2020. The primary composite end point was admission to an intensive care unit (ICU), the use of mechanical ventilation, or death. Results The median age of the patients was 47 years; 41.9% of the patients were female. The primary composite end point occurred in 67 patients (6.1%), including 5.0% who were admitted to the ICU, 2.3% who underwent invasive mechanical ventilation, and 1.4% who died. Only 1.9% of the patients had a history of direct contact with wildlife. Among nonresidents of Wuhan, 72.3% had contact with residents of Wuhan, including 31.3% who had visited the city. The most common symptoms were fever (43.8% on admission and 88.7% during hospitalization) and cough (67.8%). Diarrhea was uncommon (3.8%). The median incubation period was 4 days (interquartile range, 2 to 7). On admission, ground-glass opacity was the most common radiologic finding on chest computed tomography (CT) (56.4%). No radiographic or CT abnormality was found in 157 of 877 patients (17.9%) with nonsevere disease and in 5 of 173 patients (2.9%) with severe disease. Lymphocytopenia was present in 83.2% of the patients on admission. Conclusions During the first 2 months of the current outbreak, Covid-19 spread rapidly throughout China and caused varying degrees of illness. Patients often presented without fever, and many did not have abnormal radiologic findings. (Funded by the National Health Commission of China and others.)
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            Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19

            Quan-Xin Long, Bai-Zhong Liu, Hai-Jun Deng … (2020)
            We report acute antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in 285 patients with COVID-19. Within 19 days after symptom onset, 100% of patients tested positive for antiviral immunoglobulin-G (IgG). Seroconversion for IgG and IgM occurred simultaneously or sequentially. Both IgG and IgM titers plateaued within 6 days after seroconversion. Serological testing may be helpful for the diagnosis of suspected patients with negative RT-PCR results and for the identification of asymptomatic infections.
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              SARS-CoV-2 entry factors are highly expressed in nasal epithelial cells together with innate immune genes

              Waradon Sungnak, Ni Huang, Christophe Bécavin … (2020)
              We investigated SARS-CoV-2 potential tropism by surveying expression of viral entry-associated genes in single-cell RNA-sequencing data from multiple tissues from healthy human donors. We co-detected these transcripts in specific respiratory, corneal and intestinal epithelial cells, potentially explaining the high efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. These genes are co-expressed in nasal epithelial cells with genes involved in innate immunity, highlighting the cells' potential role in initial viral infection, spread and clearance. The study offers a useful resource for further lines of inquiry with valuable clinical samples from COVID-19 patients and we provide our data in a comprehensive, open and user-friendly fashion at www.covid19cellatlas.org.
              Article 0 comments Cited 1293 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Occup Med Environ Health
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Occup Med Environ Health
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IJOMEH
                Title: International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
                Publisher: Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine (Poland )
                ISSN (Print): 1232-1087
                ISSN (Electronic): 1896-494X
                Publication date (Print, pub): 2022
                Publication date (Electronic, pub): 01 May 2022
                Volume: 35
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 297-307
                Affiliations
                [1 ] University of Porto, Faculty of Medicine, Porto, Portugal
                [2 ] University of Porto, MEDCIDS – Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Porto, Portugal
                [3 ] CINTESIS – Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Porto, Portugal
                [4 ] University of Porto, IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Porto, Portugal
                [5 ] University of Porto, Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Porto, Portugal
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Nuno Barros-Ferreira, University of Porto, Faculty of Medicine, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal (e-mail: up201503563@ 123456edu.med.up.pt ).
                Article
                Publisher ID: ijomeh.1896.01878
                DOI: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01878
                PMC ID: 10464733
                PubMed ID: 35142298
                SO-VID: e13d0162-f9cd-4995-b96d-1e77a052cc7c
                Copyright statement: © 2006-2022 Journal hosting platform by Bentus
                License:

                This work is available in Open Access model and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Poland License – http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/pl/deed.en.

                History
                Date received : 26 May 2021
                Date accepted : 04 November 2021
                Funding
                Funded by: FCT-Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, IP, within CINTESIS, R&D Unit;
                Award ID: UIDB/4255/2020
                Categories
                Subject: Original Paper

                Keywords: sars-cov-2 infection,covid-19 pandemic,covid-19 virus,covid-19 serodiagnosis,covid-19 antibody testing,sars-cov-2 infection serological testing
                Data availability:
                Keywords: sars-cov-2 infection, covid-19 pandemic, covid-19 virus, covid-19 serodiagnosis, covid-19 antibody testing, sars-cov-2 infection serological testing

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