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Abstract
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been shown to be bioactive because of its ability
to produce biologically compatible carbonated apatite. This study analyzed the interaction
of MTA and white Portland cement with dentin after immersion in phosphate-buffered
saline (PBS).
Dentin disks with standardized cavities were filled with ProRoot MTA, MTA Branco,
MTA BIO, white Portland cement + 20% bismuth oxide (PC1), or PC1 + 10% of calcium
chloride (PC2) and immersed in 15 mL of PBS for 2 months. The precipitates were weighed
and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction. The calcium
ion release and pH of the solutions were monitored at 5, 15, 25, and 35 days. The
samples were processed for SEM observations. Data were analyzed by using analysis
of variance or Kruskall-Wallis tests.
Our findings revealed the presence of amorphous calcium phosphate precipitates with
different morphologies. The apatite formed by the cement-PBS system was deposited
within collagen fibrils, promoting controlled mineral nucleation on dentin, observed
as the formation of an interfacial layer with tag-like structures.
All the cements tested were bioactive. The cements release some of their components
in PBS, triggering the initial precipitation of amorphous calcium phosphates, which
act as precursors during the formation of carbonated apatite. This spontaneous precipitation
promotes a biomineralization process that leads to the formation of an interfacial
layer with tag-like structures at the cement-dentin interface.