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Pre-cleaned bare wooden toothpicks for the determination of drugs in oral fluid by mass spectrometry
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Abstract
This article deepens the potential of pre-cleaned bare wooden toothpicks (pb-WTs) for extracting drugs (antidepressants and acetaminophen) from oral fluid samples. The leaching of the intrinsic compounds from the wood matrix is identified as the main challenge for the final determination of the targets, even when a very selective instrumental technique, such as mass spectrometry, is employed. The pre-cleaning of the WTs is proposed for improving the analytical performance. The number of cleaning cycles depends on the injection mode (direct infusion or chromatography) into the mass spectrometer. The different variables affecting the extraction of selected antidepressant drugs were studied in detail, and the optimum procedure was validated using the two mentioned injection modes. The limits of detection were in the ranges 0.1–0.5 ng/mL and 0.1–0.3 ng/mL for direct infusion and liquid chromatography, respectively. The intra-day precision (expressed as relative standard deviation) was better than 12.1% and 8.6%, for direct infusion and liquid chromatography, respectively. Single-blind samples were used to study the applicability of the method. Finally, as a proof-of-concept, the potential of pb-WTs for in vivo sampling was outlined.
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Electrospray ionization using wooden tips.
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is a PhD student at the Department of Analytical Chemistry of the University of Córdoba (UCO, Spain). His current research is based on the use of (ligno)cellulosic materials in sample preparation, including the analysis of biofluids by mass spectrometry with forensic and clinical purposes.
is Professor of Analytical Chemistry and secretary of the Research Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry at the University of Córdoba. His research interests in the analytical sample preparation field cover the development of microextraction techniques and the synthesis and use of new materials based on (ligno)cellulosic substrates.
Aranzana is Full Professor at the Department of Analytical Chemistry (UCO, Spain) since 2009 and the Head of the Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation research group (AS 2P). Her research interests comprise microextraction techniques, including the developing of new approaches, synthesis of novel nanomaterials based on carbon, metallic nanoparticles, and polymers, as well as their coupling with high-resolution instrumental techniques. She is leading a Spanish Network on sample treatment comprising 18 research groups.
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3977Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.