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      Influence of grandmothers on exclusive breastfeeding: cross-sectional study Translated title: Influência das avós no aleitamento materno exclusivo: estudo descritivo transversal

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          ABSTRACT

          Objective

          To evaluate the influence of grandmothers of infants on exclusive breastfeeding, from their perspective.

          Methods

          A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with 91 women from a hospital in the inland state of São Paulo. By means of a questionnaire, the following data were collected: sociodemographic data of the grandmother, mother and child; duration of exclusive breastfeeding of daughter or daughter-in-law; information on kinship of participant and grandchild; kind of help provided by grandmother; and knowledge about breastfeeding.

          Results

          The prevalence of infants on exclusive breastfeeding at two months was 35.17%; a total of 67.3% of grandmothers considered it important to give food to babies before six months of life, and 54% considered relevant breastfeeding at regular intervals. Moreover, 40% believed in weak milk and were not aware of signs of sufficient breast milk. Of the grandmothers interviewed, 69% had already offered tea and water to their grandchildren. In the univariate analysis, the maternal grandmother was more involved and close to the pair mother and child.

          Conclusion

          The presence of grandmothers influences in exclusive breastfeeding.

          RESUMO

          Objetivo

          Avaliar a influência das avós de bebês sobre aleitamento materno exclusivo, da perspectiva delas.

          Métodos

          Estudo descritivo transversal, realizado com 91 mulheres de um hospital do interior paulista. Por meio de questionário, foram levantados dados sociodemográficos da avó, da mãe e da criança; o tempo de aleitamento materno exclusivo da filha ou nora; informações sobre grau de contato entre pesquisada e neto; tipo de ajuda que ela forneceu; e conhecimento sobre aleitamento materno.

          Resultados

          A prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo aos 2 meses foi 35,17%; e 67,3% das avós consideraram importante dar comida ao bebê antes de 6 meses de vida. Já 54% acharam importante ter um horário fixo para amamentar. Ainda, 40% acreditavam em leite fraco e desconheciam os sinais de leite materno suficiente. Dentre as avós entrevistadas, 69% já tinham oferecido chá e água aos seus netos. Na análise univariada, a avó materna mostrou-se mais envolvida e próxima da dupla mãe e filho.

          Conclusão

          A presença da avó influencia no aleitamento materno exclusivo.

          Related collections

          Most cited references17

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          Practical Support from Fathers and Grandmothers Is Associated with Lower Levels of Breastfeeding in the UK Millennium Cohort Study

          Mothers face trade-offs between infant care and subsistence/economic activities. In traditional populations, allomothers such as fathers and grandmothers support mothers with young infants, allowing them to reduce labour activities and focus on breastfeeding. Similarly, the positive impact of social support on breastfeeding has been highlighted in developed populations. However, these studies have generally focused on emotional support from fathers, peers and healthcare professionals. Given the availability of formula milk in developed populations, an evolutionary anthropological perspective highlights that practical support, unlike emotional support, may have negative associations with breastfeeding by enabling substitution of maternal care. Other kin, mainly grandmothers, may also be important allomothers influencing maternal breastfeeding levels. Here we explore the associations between different types of social support mothers receive from fathers/grandmothers and breastfeeding in the UK Millennium Cohort Study. We find frequent grandmother contact and father’s parenting involvement are both associated with lower levels of breastfeeding, suggesting a negative relationship between practical support and breastfeeding. In contrast, father presence, potentially capturing emotional support, is associated with greater breastfeeding initiation. Our findings suggest that practical support and emotional support functions differently, and practical support may not encourage breastfeeding in developed populations.
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            Secular trends in breastfeeding in Brazil

            The objective of this study was to document the secular trend in breastfeeding in Brazil. Data bases from seven national surveys conducted from 1975 to 2008 were reanalyzed. To obtain compatible data from the different surveys, children in the same age group and the same indicators were analyzed, using the same statistical techniques. The median duration of breastfeeding increased from 2.5 to 11.3 months, and the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in infants under six months of age increased from 3.1% to 41.0% in the period. The results indicate important challenges in accelerating the rhythm at which this practice in Brazil moves towards meeting international recommendations.
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              The influence of infant feeding attitudes on breastfeeding duration: evidence from a cohort study in rural Western Australia

              Background Breast milk is the optimal source of nutrition for infants in the first six months of life. Promoting and protecting breastfeeding is reflected in public health policy across the globe, but breastfeeding rates in both developing and industrialised countries continue to demonstrate that few mothers meet these recommendations. In addition to sociodemographic factors such as age, education and income, modifiable factors such as maternal infant feeding attitudes have been shown to influence breastfeeding duration. The objective of this paper was to describe the influence of infant feeding attitudes on breastfeeding duration in rural Western Australia. Methods A cohort of 427 women and their infants were recruited from hospitals in rural Western Australia and followed for a period of 12 months. Information about feeding methods was gathered in hospital and at a further seven follow-up contacts. Infant feeding attitude was measured using the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS), and a score of > 65 was considered positive towards breastfeeding. Results Mothers with an IIFAS score of > 65 were approximately twice as likely to be exclusively breastfeeding at six months, and breastfeeding at any intensity to 12 months. The median duration of exclusive breastfeeding for mothers with an IIFAS score of > 65 was 16 weeks (95 % CI 13.5, 18.5) compared with 5 weeks for those with a score   65 (48 vs. 22 weeks, p < 0.001). Conclusions Women in this rural cohort who had a more positive attitude towards breastfeeding had a longer duration of both exclusive breastfeeding to six months and any breastfeeding to 12 months. Further research examining the breastfeeding attitudes of specific subgroups such as men, grandparents and adolescents in rural areas will contribute to the evidence base and help to ensure that breastfeeding is seen as the normal method of infant feeding.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Einstein (Sao Paulo)
                Einstein (Sao Paulo)
                eins
                Einstein
                Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein
                1679-4508
                2317-6385
                2018
                30 October 2018
                : 16
                : 4
                : eAO4293
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
                [2 ]Centro Universitário de Indaiatuba, Indaiatuba, SP, Brazil.
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Thelen Daiana Mendonça Ferreira. Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 Cidade Universitária Zip code: 13083-887 − Campinas, SP, Brazil Phone: (55 19) 3521-9089 E-mail: thelendaiana@ 123456yahoo.com.br

                Conflict of interest: none.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7491-9325
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8231-354X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8207-4174
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7549-2677
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0257-6324
                Article
                00203
                10.31744/einstein_journal/2018AO4293
                6223949
                30427483
                e1c8bd50-7d68-409d-b0a6-d21783090c9c

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 23 October 2017
                : 24 May 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 6, Equations: 0, References: 21
                Categories
                Original Article

                breast feeding,lactation,grandparents,health knowledge, attitudes, practice in health,aleitamento materno,lactação,avós,conhecimentos, atitudes e prática em saúde

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