Association of Statin Use with the Risk of Incident Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

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Abstract

Background

With the growth and aging of population, the incidence of prostate cancer will increase year by year, which is bound to bring greater economic burden to the society. There has been greater interest in the anticancer effects of statin in recent years. It is controversial whether statin use is associated with the risk of prostate cancer (PCa). Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis and systematic review to explore the effects of statin use and their duration and cumulative dose on the overall incidence of PCa.

Method

The study was conducted according to the latest guidelines for PRISMA 2020. We searched PubMed and other databases for studies about the association of statin use with the risk of incident prostate cancer between January 1, 1990, and April 11, 2022. Two independent researchers extracted data and evaluated the quality of the studies. R x64 4.1.2 and random-effects model were used for data statistics. Relative risk (RR) and odds ratio (OR) effective values with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to assess the main results.

Results

The results of 6 RCT and 26 cohort studies showed that statins did not significantly associate with the incidence of PCa (RR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.82–1.08). The similar results were obtained from 9 case-control studies (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.99–1.07). However, statins were associated with a lower risk of Pca (RR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.28–0.70) when the cumulative defined daily dose (cDDD) was high. Using statins for more than five years could be associated with a reduced incidence of Pca (RR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.23–0.97). There was a significant heterogeneity in these studies (RCT and cohort study: I ² = 98%, P < 0.01; case-control study: I ² = 72%, P < 0.01).

Conclusion

We concluded that statins had a neutral association with the overall risk of PCa. High cDDD and long duration were associated with a lower risk of PCa.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Jian-Xuan Sun:

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2667-1200

Qi-Dong Xia:

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2278-1122

Shao-Gang Wang:

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3206-1495

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Oncol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Oncol

Journal ID (publisher-id): jo

Title: Journal of Oncology

Publisher: Hindawi

ISSN (Print): 1687-8450

ISSN (Electronic): 1687-8469

Publication date Collection: 2022

Publication date (Electronic): 13 December 2022

Volume: 2022

Electronic Location Identifier: 7827821

Affiliations

Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China

Author notes

Academic Editor: Ruhai Bai

Author information

Meng-Yao Xu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5141-7573

Ye An https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0580-203X

Chen-Qian Liu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8782-092X

Jin-Zhou Xu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2696-2238

Jian-Xuan Sun https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2667-1200

Qi-Dong Xia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2278-1122

Shao-Gang Wang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3206-1495

Article

DOI: 10.1155/2022/7827821

PMC ID: 9767737

PubMed ID: 36561541

SO-VID: e1dbece2-edc3-4cdc-84a7-e43ada2db65d

License:

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date received : 25 August 2022

Date revision received : 12 November 2022

Date accepted : 28 November 2022

Funding

Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China

Award ID: 81772729

Funded by: Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship

Award ID: DELC2022010

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