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      Mosquito vector abundance immediately before and after tropical storms Alma and Arthur, northern Belize, 2008 Translated title: Abundancia de mosquitos vectores inmediatamente antes y después de las tormentas tropicales Alma y Arthur, norte de Belice, 2008

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          Abstract

          OBJECTIVE: To monitor adult mosquito abundance in northern Belize before/after the first tropical storm of the wet season to estimate the time required for development/recovery of potential vector populations; determine which species predominate post-storm; and compare the effectiveness of two types of mosquito traps-octenol-baited Mosquito Magnets® and U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps (with/without octenol). METHODS: Field experiments were conducted in Orange Walk Town, Belize, 21 May to 3 June 2008. Incidence rate ratios and exact binomial 95% confidence intervals were reported and trap-nights calculated to compare species abundance pre- and post-storm as well as trap-type effectiveness. RESULTS: Twice as many species and three times more Anopheles spp. were trapped pre-storm versus post-storm. However, greater numbers of Aedes taeniorhynchus and Culex (Culex) spp. were trapped post-storm. Mosquito Magnets® were consistently more effective than the CDC traps, obtaining twice as many Anopheles spp. and four times as many culicine species as the octenol-baited version (which collected 14 times more mosquitoes overall and 3.5 times more culicine species than the unbaited version). The unbaited CDC trap did not trap any Anopheles spp. during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicated octenol is an effective attractant for An. crucians in northern Belize; malaria risk in Belize declines immediately post-storm (i.e., mosquito abundance drops); and arboviral risk associated with the rapid increase in culicine mosquitoes post-storm may represent a greater public health threat than malaria (although further research and active disease surveillance is necessary to validate this hypothesis).

          Translated abstract

          OBJETIVO: Comprobar la abundancia de mosquitos adultos en el norte de Belice antes y después de la primera tormenta tropical de la temporada de lluvias, para calcular la cantidad de tiempo que necesitan las poblaciones de vectores potenciales para desarrollarse y recuperarse; determinar cuáles son las especies que predominan después de la tormenta; y comparar la eficacia de dos tipos de trampas de mosquitos: las que utilizan cebos de octenol (Mosquito Magnets®) y las trampas de luz con y sin octenol de los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades de los Estados Unidos (CDC). MÉTODOS: Se llevaron a cabo pruebas de campo en Orange Walk Town, Belice, desde el 21 de mayo hasta el 3 de junio del 2008. Se registraron las razones de las tasas de incidencia y los intervalos de confianza binomiales exactos de 95% y se evaluaron las trampas nocturnas para comparar la abundancia de las especies y la eficacia del tipo de trampa antes y después de una tormenta. RESULTADOS: Antes de la tormenta, se atrapó el doble de las especies de mosquitos y el triple de Anopheles spp. en comparación con el período que siguió a la tormenta. Sin embargo, el número de Aedes taeniorhynchus y Culex (Culex) spp. atrapados fue mayor después de la tormenta. Las trampas Mosquito Magnets® demostraron uniformemente ser más eficaces que las trampas de los CDC, ya que el número de Anopheles spp. capturados fue dos veces mayor que el de la trampa con cebo de octenol y el número de especies de culícidos fue cuatro veces mayor. En general, el número de mosquitos capturados por la trampa con octenol fue 14 veces mayor que el de la trampa sin octenol y el número de especies de culícidos fue 3,5 veces mayor. La trampa sin cebo de los CDC no capturó ningún Anopheles spp. durante el período de estudio. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados demostraron que el octenol es un producto eficaz para atraer a la especie Anopheles crucians en el norte de Belice. En este país, el riesgo de malaria disminuye inmediatamente después de las tormentas (es decir, disminuye la abundancia de mosquitos); y el riesgo de contraer una infección por arbovirus, asociado con el rápido aumento de las especies de culícidos después de las tormentas, podría representar una mayor amenaza para la salud pública que la malaria (aunque se necesitaría más investigación y una vigilancia activa de las enfermedades para validar esta hipótesis).

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          Modern epidemiology

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            Modern Epidemiology

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              Epidemics after Natural Disasters

              The relationship between natural disasters and communicable diseases is frequently misconstrued. The risk for outbreaks is often presumed to be very high in the chaos that follows natural disasters, a fear likely derived from a perceived association between dead bodies and epidemics. However, the risk factors for outbreaks after disasters are associated primarily with population displacement. The availability of safe water and sanitation facilities, the degree of crowding, the underlying health status of the population, and the availability of healthcare services all interact within the context of the local disease ecology to influence the risk for communicable diseases and death in the affected population. We outline the risk factors for outbreaks after a disaster, review the communicable diseases likely to be important, and establish priorities to address communicable diseases in disaster settings.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rpsp
                Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública
                Rev Panam Salud Publica
                Organización Panamericana de la Salud (Washington, Washington, United States )
                1020-4989
                1680-5348
                July 2010
                : 28
                : 1
                : 19-24
                Affiliations
                [02] Belmopan orgnameMinistry of Health Belize
                [01] Bethesda Maryland orgnameUniformed Services University of the Health Sciences orgdiv1Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics United States of America
                [03] Springfield Missouri orgnameMissouri State University orgdiv1Public Health Program United States of America
                Article
                S1020-49892010000700003 S1020-4989(10)02800103
                10.1590/s1020-49892010000700003
                20857016
                e1dc7adb-4d9a-4501-89c8-78294939fe89

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 January 2010
                : 09 June 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 23, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Public Health

                Self URI: Full text available only in PDF format (EN)
                Categories
                Articles

                malaria,tropical storm,mosquito control,Insect vectors,Belice,control de vectores,vector control,control de mosquitos,Belize,Insectos vectores,tormenta tropical

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