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      Humus líquido y microorganismos para favorecer la producción de lechuga (Lactuca sativa var. Crespa) en cultivo de hidroponía Translated title: Liquid humus and microorganisms to promote the production of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. Crespa) in hydroponic crop

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          Abstract

          En una fase inicial, se instaló un ensayo con cultivo de lechuga hidropónica, considerando todos los macro y micronutrientes necesarios y suficientes para su crecimiento, donde se aplicaron tratamientos con y sin humus líquido, combinando, por separado con la inoculación de micorrizas y bacterias tipo Bacillus. Observándose que el efecto significativo por el uso individual del humus líquido hasta en 50%. Posteriormente se volvió a evaluar en una Fase II, diferentes dosis de solo humus líquido con solo micorrizas. Donde la aplicación de 8 L de humus líquido puro por 36 L de solución stock del cultivo hidropónico, las plantas tuvieron el mayor peso (40.7%), la mayor altura (39%) y la mayor longitud (42%), respecto al testigo. En cambio, la combinación de humus líquido más micorrizas es de 6 litros por 36 L de solución stock, la que estimuló un mayor crecimiento y peso de cultivo de lechuga en condiciones de hidroponía. En general, el uso de humus líquido disminuyó el tiempo de producción de 60 a 52 días.

          Translated abstract

          In an initial phase, a trial with growing hydroponic lettuce was installed, considering all the macro and micronutrients necessary and sufficient for growth, where treatments were applied with and without liquid humus, combining separately with inoculation of mycorrhiza and bacteria Bacillus type, observing that the significant effect by the individual use of the liquid humus is up to 50%. Subsequently, in a Phase II, different doses of only liquid humus with only mycorrhizae were evaluated, where applying of 8 L of pure liquid humus per 36 L of stock solution of hydroponics crop, the plants had the highest weight (40.7%), the highest altitude (39%) and the longest (42%) compared to the witness. Instead, the combination of liquid humus plus mycorrhizal is 6 L per 36 L of stock solution, which stimulated a further growth and weight of growing lettuce in hydroponics conditions. In general, the use of liquid humus decreased the production time from 60 to 52 days.

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          Humic acids isolated from earthworm compost enhance root elongation, lateral root emergence, and plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity in maize roots.

          Earthworms (Eisenia foetida) produce humic substances that can influence plant growth by mechanisms that are not yet clear. In this work, we investigated the effects of humic acids (HAs) isolated from cattle manure earthworm compost on the earliest stages of lateral root development and on the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase activity. These HAs enhance the root growth of maize (Zea mays) seedlings in conjunction with a marked proliferation of sites of lateral root emergence. They also stimulate the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase activity, apparently associated with an ability to promote expression of this enzyme. In addition, structural analysis reveals the presence of exchangeable auxin groups in the macrostructure of the earthworm compost HA. These results may shed light on the hormonal activity that has been postulated for these humic substances.
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            The influence of humic acids derived from earthworm-processed organic wastes on plant growth.

            Some effects of humic acids, formed during the breakdown of organic wastes by earthworms (vermicomposting), on plant growth were evaluated. In the first experiment, humic acids were extracted from pig manure vermicompost using the classic alkali/acid fractionation procedure and mixed with a soilless container medium (Metro-Mix 360), to provide a range of 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 mg of humate per kg of dry weight of container medium, and tomato seedlings were grown in the mixtures. In the second experiment, humates extracted from pig manure and food wastes vermicomposts were mixed with vermiculite to provide a range of 0, 50, 125, 250, 500, 1,000, and 4,000 mg of humate per kg of dry weight of the container medium, and cucumber seedlings were grown in the mixtures. Both tomato and cucumber seedlings were watered daily with a solution containing all nutrients required to ensure that any differences in growth responses were not nutrient-mediated. The incorporation of both types of vermicompost-derived humic acids, into either type of soilless plant growth media, increased the growth of tomato and cucumber plants significantly, in terms of plant heights, leaf areas, shoot and root dry weights. Plant growth increased with increasing concentrations of humic acids incorporated into the medium up to a certain proportion, but this differed according to the plant species, the source of the vermicompost, and the nature of the container medium. Plant growth tended to be increased by treatments of the plants with 50-500 mg/kg humic acids, but often decreased significantly when the concentrations of humic acids derived in the container medium exceeded 500-1,000 mg/kg. These growth responses were most probably due to hormone-like activity of humic acids from the vermicomposts or could have been due to plant growth hormones adsorbed onto the humates.
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              Formulation of Bacillus spp. for Biological Control of Plant Diseases.

              ABSTRACT Maximizing the potential for successfully developing and deploying a biocontrol product begins with a carefully crafted microbial screening procedure, proceeds with developing mass production protocols that optimize product quantity and quality, and ends with devising a product formulation that preserves shelf-life, aids product delivery, and enhances bioactivity. Microbial selection procedures that require prospective bio-control agents to possess both efficacy and amenability to production in liquid culture increase the likelihood of selecting agents with enhanced commercial development potential. Scale-up of biomass production procedures must optimize product quantity without compromise of product efficacy or amenability to stabilization and formulation. Formulation of Bacillus spp. for use against plant pathogens is an enormous topic in general terms but limited in published specifics regarding formulations used in commercially available products. Types of formulations include dry products such as wettable powders, dusts, and granules, and liquid products including cell suspensions in water, oils, and emulsions. Cells can also be microencapsulated. Considerations critical to designing successful formulations of microbial biomass are many fold and include preserving biomass viability during stabilization, drying, and rehydration; aiding biomass delivery, target coverage, and target adhesion; and enhancing biomass survival and efficacy after delivery to the target. Solutions to these formulation considerations will not necessarily be compatible. Data from several biocontrol systems including the use of B. subtilis OH 131.1 (NRRL B-30212) to reduce Fusarium head blight of wheat are used to illustrate many of these issues. Using our recently described assay for efficiently evaluating biomass production and formulation protocols, we demonstrate the effectiveness, in vitro, of UV protectant compounds lignin (PC 1307) and Blankophor BBH in reducing OH 131.1 morbidity when cells were exposed to UV light from artificial sunlight.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                jsab
                Journal of the Selva Andina Biosphere
                J. Selva Andina Biosph.
                Journal of the Selva Andina Biosphere.; Fundación Selva Andina Research Society.; Departamento de Enseñanza e Investigación en Bioquímica & Microbiología. (La Paz, , Bolivia )
                2308-3859
                2016
                : 4
                : 2
                : 71-83
                Affiliations
                [01] Cochabamba orgnameUniversidad Católica Boliviana San Pablo orgdiv1Ingeniería Ambiental Bolivia noelortunocastro@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S2308-38592016000200004
                e1e0365d-2341-4a7f-b6b6-bc65bede94ea

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                : December 2015
                : September 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 19, Pages: 13
                Product

                SciELO Bolivia


                Humus líquido,ácido húmico,ácido fúlvico,micorrizas,Bacillus,lechuga,hidroponía,Liquid Humus,humic acid,fulvic acid,mycorrhizae,lettuce

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