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      Otimismo Disposicional, Afetos e Personalidade em Pacientes com Doença Renal Crônica Translated title: Dispositional Optimism, Affects and Personality in Patients with Chronic Renal Disease Translated title: Optimismo Disposicional, Afectos y Personalidad en Pacientes con Enfermedad Renal Crónica

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          Abstract

          Resumo Este estudo investiga relações entre otimismo disposicional, afetos e traços de personalidade em pacientes com doença renal crônica que aguardam por um transplante renal (grupo pré-transplante) e em pacientes que já fizeram o procedimento (grupo pós-transplante). Teve como objetivos específicos: verificar se houve diferença nos escores desses três constructos nas duas amostras; se houve diferenças de desempenho no teste de otimismo e na escala de afetos em função do tempo de transplante; e se houve diferenças de desempenho no teste de otimismo e na escala de afetos em função do tempo de espera em lista. A pesquisa contou com quinze participantes em cada grupo sendo usados quatro instrumentos para coleta de dados: questionário sociodemográfico, Teste para avaliar o Otimismo (LOT-R), Inventário dos Cinco Grandes Fatores (NEO-FFI-R) e Escala de Afetos Positivos e Afetos Negativos (Panas). Os resultados indicaram maior otimismo nos participantes do grupo Pré-transplante (Md = 29; IIQ = 2) comparado com os do grupo Pós-transplante (Md = 26; IIQ = 1). Conclui-se que no grupo pré-transplante, o otimismo disposicional não se associou de maneira significativa com nenhum fator de personalidade, o que pode indicar que o otimismo esteja voltado para um objetivo-alvo, mais do que para expectativas gerais de que coisas boas aconteçam e se evidencia como fator de proteção da personalidade, ou como mecanismo de ajustamento à condição crítica de hemodiálise. O tempo passado em lista de espera e de realização do transplante não tiveram associação significativa às demais variáveis.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract This study investigated the relationship between dispositional optimism, affects and personality traits in patients with Chronic Renal Disease who are waiting for a renal transplant (Pre-Transplant Group) and in patients who have already undergone the procedure (Post-Transplant Group). The specifics aims were to evaluate differences in construct scores between the groups, differences in performance on the optimism test and the affect scale associated with the waiting time in list, and differences in performance on the optimism test and the affect scale associated with the time of transplantation. Thirty people participated in the survey (fifteen in each group) and four instruments were used for data collection: sociodemographic questionnaire, Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI-R), and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). The results indicated greater optimism among the participants in the pre-transplant group (Md = 29, IQR = 2) compared to those in the post-transplant group (Md = 26, IQR = 1). In the pre-transplant group, dispositional optimism was not significantly associated with any personality factor, which may indicate that optimism in this group is focused on a target objective rather than to general expectations that good things happen. Optimism overlaps with the general characteristics of the subject and is evidenced as a personality protection factor, or as a mechanism of adjustment to the critical condition of hemodialysis. The waiting list time, as well as the time of transplantation, did not show a significant association with the other variables.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Este estudio objetivó investigar relaciones entre optimismo disposicional, afectos y rasgos de personalidad en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica que esperan un trasplante renal (grupo pretrasplante) y en pacientes que ya fueron sometidos al procedimiento (grupo postrasplante). Los objetivos específicos fueron: evaluar si hay diferencia de puntuaciones de los constructos entre los grupos; si hay diferencias de desempeño en la prueba de optimismo y la escala de afectos en función del tiempo de trasplante; y si hay diferencias de desempeño en el test de optimismo y en la escala en función del tiempo de espera en la lista. La investigación tuvo quince participantes en cada grupo y se utilizaron cuatro instrumentos para recopilar los datos: cuestionario sociodemográfico, Test de Optimismo (LOT-R), Inventario de los Cinco Grandes Factores (NEO-FFI-R) y Escala de Afectos Positivos y Afectos Negativos (PANAS). Los resultados mostraron mayor optimismo en el grupo pretransplante (Md = 29, IIQ = 2) en comparación con el grupo postransplante (Md = 26, IIQ = 1). Se concluye que, en el grupo pretrasplante, el optimismo disposicional no se asoció de manera significativa con ningún factor de personalidad, lo que puede indicar que el optimismo esté más orientado hacia un objetivo que hacia expectativas generales de que cosas buenas pueden suceder y se evidencia como un factor de protección de la personalidad, o como un mecanismo de ajuste a la condición crítica de hemodiálisis. El tempo en la lista de espera y de realización de trasplante no mostraron asociación significativa con las demás variables.

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          The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions.

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            The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions.

            The broaden-and-build theory describes the form and function of a subset of positive emotions, including joy, interest, contentment and love. A key proposition is that these positive emotions broaden an individual's momentary thought-action repertoire: joy sparks the urge to play, interest sparks the urge to explore, contentment sparks the urge to savour and integrate, and love sparks a recurring cycle of each of these urges within safe, close relationships. The broadened mindsets arising from these positive emotions are contrasted to the narrowed mindsets sparked by many negative emotions (i.e. specific action tendencies, such as attack or flee). A second key proposition concerns the consequences of these broadened mindsets: by broadening an individual's momentary thought-action repertoire--whether through play, exploration or similar activities--positive emotions promote discovery of novel and creative actions, ideas and social bonds, which in turn build that individual's personal resources; ranging from physical and intellectual resources, to social and psychological resources. Importantly, these resources function as reserves that can be drawn on later to improve the odds of successful coping and survival. This chapter reviews the latest empirical evidence supporting the broaden-and-build theory and draws out implications the theory holds for optimizing health and well-being.
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              The benefits of frequent positive affect: does happiness lead to success?

              Numerous studies show that happy individuals are successful across multiple life domains, including marriage, friendship, income, work performance, and health. The authors suggest a conceptual model to account for these findings, arguing that the happiness-success link exists not only because success makes people happy, but also because positive affect engenders success. Three classes of evidence--crosssectional, longitudinal, and experimental--are documented to test their model. Relevant studies are described and their effect sizes combined meta-analytically. The results reveal that happiness is associated with and precedes numerous successful outcomes, as well as behaviors paralleling success. Furthermore, the evidence suggests that positive affect--the hallmark of well-being--may be the cause of many of the desirable characteristics, resources, and successes correlated with happiness. Limitations, empirical issues, and important future research questions are discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pcp
                Psicologia: ciência e profissão
                Psicol. cienc. prof.
                Conselho Federal de Psicologia (Brasília, DF, Brazil )
                1414-9893
                2020
                : 40
                : e209637
                Affiliations
                [1] Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Uberlândia Brazil
                Article
                S1414-98932020000100137 S1414-9893(20)04000000137
                10.1590/1982-3703003209637
                e207d559-3868-418d-953b-f95b73ff8bd1

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                : 27 July 2018
                : 18 February 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 54, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI: Texto completo somente em PDF (PT)
                Categories
                Artigos

                Afetos,Enfermedad Renal Crónica,Personalidad,Afectos,Dispositional Optimism,Optimismo Disposicional,Doença Renal Crônica,Affects,Personalidade,Personality,Otimismo Disposicional,Chronic Kidney Disease

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