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      Crecimiento de Tabebuia donnell-smithii Rose inoculada con hongos micorrízicos y Azospirillum brasilense Translated title: Tabebuia donnell-smithii Rose growth inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi and Azospirillum brasilense

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          Abstract

          La explotación forestal sin regulación en bosques tropicales promueve la invasión de vegetación secundaria que compite con especies de mediano y lento crecimiento, limitando su regeneración natural. Muchos esfuerzos de reforestación fracasan por esta situación poniendo en riesgo el equilibrio del ecosistema por diferencias en densidad y distribución de especies. Con el fin de promover un mayor crecimiento en menor tiempo de la especie maderable primavera (Tabebuia donnell-smithii Rose) en condiciones de vivero, se evaluó el efecto de la inoculación con Rhizophagus intraradices (Schenck et Sm.) Walker et Schuessler, Glomus spp., y Azospirillum brasilense Tarrand, Krieg et Dóbereiner. El vivero se estableció con semillas recolectadas en el Soconusco, Chiapas, México, en bolsas de plástico de 5 kg con una mezcla de suelo andosolmólico y arena de río lavada (1:1) con 2 g de inoculante al momento del trasplante. Azospirillum brasilense tuvo una concentración de 9 X10(6) bacterias g-1 y R. intraradices 40 esporas g-1 de suelo con 95 % de colonización al sistema radical. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar y los tratamientos fueron los microorganismos individuales, combinados y un testigo, con cuatro repeticiones. Las variables morfológicas y fisiológicas del rendimiento, porcentaje de colonización radical micorrízica se registraron cada 28 d desde los 56 d hasta 168 d después de siembra. Las plantas con R. intraradices, la simbiosis doble A. brasilense+R. intraradices y Glomus sp. (V) presentaron mayor aumento de biomasa a 112 d (p ≤ 0.05), mientras que el mayor contenido de nitrógeno se encontró en raíces de plantas inoculadas con R. intraradices y en el vástago con A. brasilense. El contenido de fósforo fue mayor con R. intraradices y A. brasilense en el vástago. Las diferencias significativas finales en altura de planta fueron de 6 a 8 cm entre tratamientos inoculados y de 16 cm de éstos respecto al testigo.

          Translated abstract

          Unregulated logging in tropical forests promotes invasion of secondary vegetation that compete with species of medium and slow growth, limiting their natural regeneration. Many reforestation efforts fail for this situation endangering the ecosystem balance by differences in density and distribution of species. In order to promote a greater growth in shorter time of the timber species (Tabebuia donnell-smithii Rose) primavera under nursery conditions, the effect of inoculation with Rhizophagus intraradices (Schenck et Sm.) Walker et Schuessler, Glomus spp., and Azospirillum brasilense Tarrand, Krieg et Dóbereiner was evaluated. Nursery was established with seeds collected in the Soconusco, Chiapas, Mexico, in plastic bags of 5 kg with a mixture of Andosolmollic soil and river sand washed (1:1) with 2 g of inoculant at the time of transplantation. Azospirillum brasilense had a concentration of 9X10(6) bacteria g-1 and R. intraradices 40 spores g -1 of soil with 95 % of colonization to the root system. The experimental design was completely randomized treatments were individual, combined microorganisms, and a control with four replications. Morphological and physiological variables of yield, percentage of mycorrhizal root colonization were recorded every 28 d from the 56 d to 168 d after sowing. Plants with R. intraradices, double symbiosis A. brasilense+R. intraradices and Glomus sp. (V) showed higher increase of biomass at 112 d (p ≤ 0.05), whereas the highest nitrogen content was found in roots of plants inoculated with R. intraradices and in the shoot with A. brasilense. The phosporus content was higher with A. brasilense and R. intraradices on the shoot. The final significant differences in plant height were 6 to 8 cm among inoculated treatments and of 16 cm of these with respect to the control.

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          Vegetación de México

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              Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can transfer substantial amounts of nitrogen to their host plant from organic material.

              Nitrogen (N) capture by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi from organic material is a recently discovered phenomenon. This study investigated the ability of two Glomus species to transfer N from organic material to host plants and examined whether the ability to capture N is related to fungal hyphal growth. Experimental microcosms had two compartments; these contained either a single plant of Plantago lanceolata inoculated with Glomus hoi or Glomus intraradices, or a patch of dried shoot material labelled with (15)N and (13)carbon (C). In one treatment, hyphae, but not roots, were allowed access to the patch; in the other treatment, access by both hyphae and roots was prevented. When allowed, fungi proliferated in the patch and captured N but not C, although G. intraradices transferred more N than G. hoi to the plant. Plants colonized with G. intraradices had a higher concentration of N than controls. Up to one-third of the patch N was captured by the AM fungi and transferred to the plant, while c. 20% of plant N may have been patch derived. These findings indicate that uptake from organic N could be important in AM symbiosis for both plant and fungal partners and that some AM fungi may acquire inorganic N from organic sources.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                agro
                Agrociencia
                Agrociencia
                Colegio de Postgraduados (México )
                1405-3195
                May 2014
                : 48
                : 3
                : 331-345
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas México
                [2 ] Colegio de Postgraduados México
                Article
                S1405-31952014000300008
                e224ce38-7b11-4eda-9b41-0ba321fed3e2

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Categories
                Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

                General agriculture
                Glomus,nitrogen and phosphorus,Azospirillum brasilense,biofertilización,Rhizophagus intraradices,nitrógeno y fósforo,biofertilization

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