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      In vivo gene delivery mediated by non-viral vectors for cancer therapy

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          Abstract

          Gene therapy by expression constructs or down-regulation of certain genes has shown great potential for the treatment of various diseases. The wide clinical application of nucleic acid materials dependents on the development of biocompatible gene carriers. There are enormous various compounds widely investigated to be used as non-viral gene carriers including lipids, polymers, carbon materials, and inorganic structures. In this review, we will discuss the recent discoveries on non-viral gene delivery systems. We will also highlight the in vivo gene delivery mediated by non-viral vectors to treat cancer in different tissue and organs including brain, breast, lung, liver, stomach, and prostate. Finally, we will delineate the state-of-the-art and promising perspective of in vivo gene editing using non-viral nano-vectors.

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          Analysis of nanoparticle delivery to tumours

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            Efficient In Vivo Genome Editing Using RNA-Guided Nucleases

            Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems have evolved in bacteria and archaea as a defense mechanism to silence foreign nucleic acids of viruses and plasmids. Recent work has shown that bacterial type II CRISPR systems can be adapted to create guide RNAs (gRNAs) capable of directing site-specific DNA cleavage by the Cas9 nuclease in vitro. Here we show that this system can function in vivo to induce targeted genetic modifications in zebrafish embryos with efficiencies comparable to those obtained using ZFNs and TALENs for the same genes. RNA-guided nucleases robustly enabled genome editing at 9 of 11 different sites tested, including two for which TALENs previously failed to induce alterations. These results demonstrate that programmable CRISPR/Cas systems provide a simple, rapid, and highly scalable method for altering genes in vivo, opening the door to using RNA-guided nucleases for genome editing in a wide range of organisms.
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              The COVID-19 vaccine development landscape

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                J Control Release
                J Control Release
                Journal of Controlled Release
                Elsevier B.V.
                0168-3659
                1873-4995
                4 July 2020
                4 July 2020
                Affiliations
                [a ]Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
                [b ]Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
                [c ]Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
                [d ]Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                [e ]Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                [f ]Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, IPCB-CNR, Naples, Italy
                [g ]Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
                [h ]Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
                [i ]Department of Biotechnology-Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
                [j ]Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
                [k ]Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
                [l ]Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
                [m ]Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
                Author notes
                Article
                S0168-3659(20)30373-4
                10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.06.038
                7334939
                32634464
                e26755a1-67eb-47fc-b164-25c8d7d39e02
                © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                : 30 April 2020
                : 27 June 2020
                : 29 June 2020
                Categories
                Article

                Animal science & Zoology
                gene delivery,non-viral vectors,cancer,in vivo,gene editing,clinical translation

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