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      Gratitude and Problem Behaviors in Adolescents: The Mediating Roles of Positive and Negative Coping Styles

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          Abstract

          The current study investigated the relationship between gratitude, internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors, along with the mediating roles of positive and negative coping styles therein. A sample of 589 Chinese adolescents completed the Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ-6), the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), the Irritability, Depression, and Anxiety Scale (IDAS), and the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ). Results of structural equation modeling showed that (1) the total effects of gratitude on both internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors were all significant and (2) both positive and negative coping styles mediated the links between gratitude and two types of problem behaviors. Thus, cultivating gratitude and developing adaptive coping style may help adolescents rectify problem behaviors.

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          Most cited references37

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          The grateful disposition: a conceptual and empirical topography.

          In four studies, the authors examined the correlates of the disposition toward gratitude. Study I revealed that self-ratings and observer ratings of the grateful disposition are associated with positive affect and well-being, prosocial behaviors and traits, and religiousness/spirituality. Study 2 replicated these findings in a large nonstudent sample. Study 3 yielded similar results to Studies I and 2 and provided evidence that gratitude is negatively associated with envy and materialistic attitudes. Study 4 yielded evidence that these associations persist after controlling for Extraversion/positive affectivity. Neuroticism/negative affectivity, and Agreeableness. The development of the Gratitude Questionnaire, a unidimensional measure with good psychometric properties, is also described.
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            Positive affect and the other side of coping.

            Although research on coping over the past 30 years has produced convergent evidence about the functions of coping and the factors that influence it, psychologists still have a great deal to learn about how coping mechanisms affect diverse outcomes. One of the reasons more progress has not been made is the almost exclusive focus on negative outcomes in the stress process. Coping theory and research need to consider positive outcomes as well. The authors focus on one such outcome, positive affect, and review findings about the co-occurrence of positive affect with negative affect during chronic stress, the adaptive functions of positive affect during chronic stress, and a special class of meaning-based coping processes that support positive affect during chronic stress.
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              Counting blessings versus burdens: an experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life.

              The effect of a grateful outlook on psychological and physical well-being was examined. In Studies 1 and 2, participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 experimental conditions (hassles, gratitude listing, and either neutral life events or social comparison); they then kept weekly (Study 1) or daily (Study 2) records of their moods, coping behaviors, health behaviors, physical symptoms, and overall life appraisals. In a 3rd study, persons with neuromuscular disease were randomly assigned to either the gratitude condition or to a control condition. The gratitude-outlook groups exhibited heightened well-being across several, though not all, of the outcome measures across the 3 studies, relative to the comparison groups. The effect on positive affect appeared to be the most robust finding. Results suggest that a conscious focus on blessings may have emotional and interpersonal benefits.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Psychol
                Front Psychol
                Front. Psychol.
                Frontiers in Psychology
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1664-1078
                16 July 2019
                2019
                : 10
                : 1547
                Affiliations
                [1] 1School of Education Science, Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou, China
                [2] 2School of Management, China University of Mining and Technology , Xuzhou, China
                [3] 3Division of Primary Care, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham , Nottingham, United Kingdom
                Author notes

                Edited by: Angela Jocelyn Fawcett, Swansea University, United Kingdom

                Reviewed by: Neven Ricijas, University of Zagreb, Croatia; Giulia Corno, Italian Auxological Institute (IRCCS), Italy

                *Correspondence: Hongyan Jiang, hyjiang@ 123456cumt.edu.cn

                This article was submitted to Educational Psychology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychology

                Article
                10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01547
                6646722
                31379645
                e2a25fef-2336-4cfe-bcad-d4d22e2129a2
                Copyright © 2019 Sun, Sun, Jiang, Jia and Li.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 08 April 2019
                : 18 June 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 48, Pages: 8, Words: 6341
                Funding
                Funded by: National Social Science Foundation of China
                Award ID: 15CSH052
                Categories
                Psychology
                Original Research

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                gratitude,positive coping style,negative coping style,internalizing behavior,externalizing problem behavior

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