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      Estudio de microsatélites en las abejas sin aguijón Melipona colimana y M. beecheii de Mesoamérica Translated title: Study of microsatellite markers in stingless bees Melipona colimana and M. beecheii from Mesoamerica

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          Abstract

          En este estudio, se ha analizado por primera vez la variabilidad de los loci de microsatélites en la especie silvestre de abejas sin aguijón Melipona colimana. Los datos obtenidos se han comparado con los de una población insular de la especie domesticada M. beecheii. Los resultados del genotipado de los individuos de M. colimana, indican que la secuencia de los loci de microsa-télites está conservada dentro del género Melipona. Los parámetros poblacionales estudiados (número de alelos y valores de heterocigosidad) no mostraron diferencias significativas entre las dos especies estudiadas, estando ambos dentro del rango observado en otras especies del género. Estos valores fueron inferiores en la población insular de M. beecheii con respecto a otras poblaciones continentales de la misma especie analizadas previamente, lo cual coincide con lo observado en estudios previos de otros organismos insulares. La especie silvestre M. colimana es susceptible a los efectos de la deforestación, por ello se han comparado parámetros poblacionales de colmenas situadas en una zona deforestada y en otra conservada. La diversidad poblacional no ha mostrado diferencias significativas, probablemente debido a que las perturbaciones del medio estudiado son recientes y aún no se han reflejado en la diversidad genética de estos insectos.

          Translated abstract

          In this study, variability of microsatellite loci has been for the first time analyzed in the wild stingless bee Melipona colimana. Data have been compared with those obtained from an insular population of the managed species M. beecheii. Genotyping results in M. colimana demonstrate that microsatellite loci sequences are conserved within the genus Melipona. Population parameters such as number of alleles and heterocigosity values, were not significantly different between the two studied species, both being within the observed range in other Melipona species. Values of the insular M. beecheii population were lower than in previously studied continental populations of the same species, in agreement with the results obtained in other island organisms. Wild M. colimana colonies are susceptible to deforestation effects, so that, we have compared the genetic parameters of colonies from a deforested area with those of a conserved area. Population diversity was not significantly different, may be due to recent environmental perturbations that are not yet reflected in the genetic diversity of these insects.

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          The Bees of the World

          In this extensive update of his definitive reference, Charles D. Michener reveals a diverse fauna that numbers more than 17,000 species and ranges from the common honeybee to rare bees that feed on the pollen of a single type of plant. With many new facts, reclassifications, and revisions, the second edition of The Bees of the World provides the most comprehensive treatment of the 1,200 genera and subgenera of the Apiformes. Included are hundreds of updated citations to work published since the appearance of the first edition and a new set of plates of fossil bees. The book begins with extensive introductory sections that include bee evolution, classification of the various bee families, the coevolution of bees and flowering plants, nesting behavior, differences between solitary and social bees, and the anatomy of these amazing insects. Drawing on modern studies and evidence from the fossil record, Michener reveals what the ancestral bee—the protobee—might have looked like. He also cites the major literature on bee biology and describes the need for further research on the systematics and natural history of bees, including their importance as pollinators of crops and natural vegetation. The greater part of the work consists of an unprecedented treatment of bee systematics, with keys for identification to the subgenus level. For each genus and subgenus, Michener includes a brief natural history describing geographical range, number of species, and noteworthy information pertaining to nesting or floral biology. The book is beautifully illustrated with more than 500 drawings and photographs that depict behavior, detailed morphology, and ecology. Accented with color plates of select bees, The Bees of the World will continue to be the world's best reference on these diverse insects.
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            Stingless bee nesting biology

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              Estimating allelic richness: effects of sample size and bottlenecks.

              P L Leberg (2002)
              Although differences in sampling intensity can bias comparisons of allelic richness (A) among populations, investigators often fail to correct estimates of A for differences in sample size. Methods that standardize A on the basis of the size of the smallest number of samples in a comparison are preferable to other approaches. Rarefaction and repeated random subsampling provide unbiased estimates of A with the greatest precision and thus provide greatest statistical power to detect differences in variation. Less promising approaches, in terms of bias or precision, include single random subsampling, eliminating very small samples, using sample size as a covariate or extrapolating estimates obtained from small samples to a larger number of individuals.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                azoo
                Archivos de Zootecnia
                Arch. zootec.
                Universidad de Córdoba (Córdoba )
                0004-0592
                March 2014
                : 63
                : 241
                : 145-151
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad de Murcia España
                [2 ] Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán México
                Article
                S0004-05922014000100014
                10.4321/S0004-05922014000100014
                e2ac979a-fc1f-488c-a083-823af0acdbb6

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Categories
                AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE
                VETERINARY SCIENCES

                Animal agriculture,General veterinary medicine
                Genetic diversity,Deforestation,Meliponiculture,Mexico,Cuba,Diversidad genética,Deforestación,Meliponicultura,México

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