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      The Shaping of Personality: Genes, Environments, and Chance Encounters

      Journal of Personality Assessment
      Informa UK Limited

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          Most cited references23

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          Dopamine D4 receptor (D4DR) exon III polymorphism associated with the human personality trait of Novelty Seeking.

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            Psychobiology of novelty seeking and drug seeking behavior.

            There is considerable evidence that high novelty seekers are at increased risk for using drugs of abuse relative to low novelty seekers. This review examines the potential biological mechanism that may help explain the relationship between novelty seeking and drug seeking behavior. Evidence is summarized to suggest that exposure to novelty activates, at least in part, the same neural substrate that mediates the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse. It is argued that individual differences in response to novelty and drugs may relate to individual differences in the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system of the brain. Individual differences in both novelty seeking and drug seeking behavior, while under some degree of genetic control, appear to be modifiable by early development experiences and this modification may relate to alterations in activity of the mesolimbic DA system. Within the context of this biological formulation, implications for the prevention and treatment of drug abuse are discussed.
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              The psychophysiology of sensation seeking.

              This article summarizes studies relating the trait of sensation seeking to electrodermal and heart-rate responses and cortical evoked potential arousal. Stimulus factors of novelty, intensity, and stimulus significance are important. High sensation seekers tend to give stronger physiological orienting responses than lows to novel stimuli of moderate intensity, particularly when such stimuli are of specific interest. Lows tend to show defensive responses as defined by heart-rate acceleration. The cortical reaction of the highs tends to be augmented by intense visual or auditory stimuli, while that of the lows tends to be reduced or unresponsive to variations in stimulus intensity. Differences between psychophysiological responses of high and low sensation seekers are interpreted as reflective of different evolved biological strategies for processing novel or intense stimulation.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Personality Assessment
                Journal of Personality Assessment
                Informa UK Limited
                0022-3891
                1532-7752
                February 2004
                February 2004
                : 82
                : 1
                : 11-22
                Article
                10.1207/s15327752jpa8201_3
                e2c06450-ff1e-456e-a531-bbe66c96f7b6
                © 2004
                History

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