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      Combatting antibiotic-resistant bacteria using nanomaterials

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          Abstract

          Nanomaterials as self-therapeutic agents and drug-delivery vehicles for antimicrobial therapies.

          Abstract

          The dramatic increase in antimicrobial resistance for pathogenic bacteria constitutes a key threat to human health. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has recently stated that the world is on the verge of entering the “post-antibiotic era”, one where more people will die from bacterial infections than from cancer. Recently, nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as new tools that can be used to combat deadly bacterial infections. Nanoparticle-based strategies can overcome the barriers faced by traditional antimicrobials, including antibiotic resistance. In this tutorial review, we have highlighted multiple nanoparticle-based approaches to eliminate bacterial infections, providing crucial insight into the design of elements that play critical roles in creating antimicrobial nanotherapeutics. In particular, we have focused on the pivotal role played by NP-surface functionality in designing nanomaterials as self-therapeutic agents and delivery vehicles for antimicrobial cargo.

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          Most cited references36

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          Integrated nanoparticle-biomolecule hybrid systems: synthesis, properties, and applications.

          Nanomaterials, such as metal or semiconductor nanoparticles and nanorods, exhibit similar dimensions to those of biomolecules, such as proteins (enzymes, antigens, antibodies) or DNA. The integration of nanoparticles, which exhibit unique electronic, photonic, and catalytic properties, with biomaterials, which display unique recognition, catalytic, and inhibition properties, yields novel hybrid nanobiomaterials of synergetic properties and functions. This review describes recent advances in the synthesis of biomolecule-nanoparticle/nanorod hybrid systems and the application of such assemblies in the generation of 2D and 3D ordered structures in solutions and on surfaces. Particular emphasis is directed to the use of biomolecule-nanoparticle (metallic or semiconductive) assemblies for bioanalytical applications and for the fabrication of bioelectronic devices.
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            Functional Gold Nanoparticles as Potent Antimicrobial Agents against Multi-Drug-Resistant Bacteria

            We present the use of functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to combat multi-drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. Tuning of the functional groups on the nanoparticle surface provided gold nanoparticles that were effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive uropathogens, including multi-drug-resistant pathogens. These AuNPs exhibited low toxicity to mammalian cells, and bacterial resistance was not observed after 20 generations. A strong structure–activity relationship was observed as a function of AuNP functionality, providing guidance to activity prediction and rational design of effective antimicrobial nanoparticles.
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              Toxicology of nanoparticles.

              While nanotechnology and the production of nanoparticles are growing exponentially, research into the toxicological impact and possible hazard of nanoparticles to human health and the environment is still in its infancy. This review aims to give a comprehensive summary of what is known today about nanoparticle toxicology, the mechanisms at the cellular level, entry routes into the body and possible impacts to public health. Proper characterisation of the nanomaterial, as well as understanding processes happening on the nanoparticle surface when in contact with living systems, is crucial to understand possible toxicological effects. Dose as a key parameter is essential in hazard identification and risk assessment of nanotechnologies. Understanding nanoparticle pathways and entry routes into the body requires further research in order to inform policy makers and regulatory bodies about the nanotoxicological potential of certain nanomaterials. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                CSRVBR
                Chemical Society Reviews
                Chem. Soc. Rev.
                Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
                0306-0012
                1460-4744
                January 21 2019
                2019
                : 48
                : 2
                : 415-427
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Chemistry
                [2 ]University of Massachusetts Amherst
                [3 ]Amherst
                [4 ]USA
                [5 ]Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
                [6 ]Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering
                [7 ]Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS)
                [8 ]DHA
                [9 ]Lahore
                Article
                10.1039/C7CS00748E
                6340759
                30462112
                e2c22d2d-778d-4cf4-a5fc-fc2a3e29e6e9
                © 2019

                http://rsc.li/journals-terms-of-use

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