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      Reproductive characteristics of Japanese monkeys on Shimokita Peninsula, Japan, the northernmost habitat of wild primates in the world

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          Abstract

          The Shimokita Peninsula in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, which is inhabited by Japanese monkeys ( Macaca fuscata), is the northernmost habitat for wild primates in the world. This study was the first to determine the conception dates of specific individuals and estimate the pregnancy rate of wild populations in this region. The pregnancy rate of animals aged 5 years or more at delivery was estimated to be 40.9% (27/66). Conception dates of each fetus were also estimated using a regression line of Pig-tail monkeys ( Macaca nemestrina ), which are taxonomically related to Japanese monkeys and have a similar physique. The conception dates were distributed across 90 days between September 24th and December 23rd, with a mean conception date of November 4th (SD=22.3 days, n=53). Using these findings, the mean birth date was estimated as April 25th, more than two weeks earlier than the mean birth date in previous research determined using direct observations carried out over the past 20 years ago. Global warming due to climate change is thought to be one of the main causes of this difference.

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          European phenological response to climate change matches the warming pattern

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            UK birds are laying eggs earlier

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              Advancing breeding phenology in response to environmental change in a wild red deer population

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Vet Med Sci
                J Vet Med Sci
                JVMS
                The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
                The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science
                0916-7250
                1347-7439
                06 July 2021
                September 2021
                : 83
                : 9
                : 1389-1394
                Affiliations
                [1) ]Laboratory of Wildlife Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
                [2) ]Shimokita Peninsula Municipal Liaison Conference for Damage Control by Wild Monkeys, Wakinosawa, Mutsu, Aomori 039-5323, Japan
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence to: Hayama, S.: hayama@ 123456nvlu.ac.jp
                Article
                21-0141
                10.1292/jvms.21-0141
                8498827
                34234069
                e2caca65-e9c4-4931-88bf-5eefd13a81f4
                ©2021 The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd) License. (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

                History
                : 08 March 2021
                : 21 June 2021
                Categories
                Wildlife Science
                Full Paper

                climate change,conception date,japanese monkey,macaca fuscata,pregnancy rate

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