29
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Breast cancer features in women under the age of 40 years Translated title: Perfil do câncer de mama em mulheres com idade inferior a 40 anos

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Summary Objective: To describe the clinical features, imaging findings and pathological aspects of breast cancer diagnosed in women under the age of 40 years. Method: A retrospective, descriptive study was performed through analysis of medical records between November 2008 and August 2012. One hundred and twenty (120) patients were included, of whom 112 underwent mammography, 113 underwent ultrasonography, and 105 underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The histopathological data was obtained in most cases from post-surgical analysis, which was available for 113 patients. Results: The mean age at diagnosis of primary breast cancer was 34 years. Only 11 patients (9.0%) had a family history of breast or ovarian cancer in first-degree relative. Ninety-two (92) patients sought medical attention after showing breast symptoms, and the presence of a palpable nodule was the main complaint. One hundred and twenty-two (122) primary tumors were diagnosed, of which 112 were invasive (95%). The most common histological type was invasive ductal carcinoma (73.8%). Luminal B was the predominant molecular subtype (42.6%). Ultrasonography was positive in 94.5% of the cases and the most common finding were nodules (94.8%). At mammography, the malignancy was observed in 92.8% and the presence of suggestive calcifications was the dominant feature. The MRI was positive in 98% of patients, and mass lesions were the most common. Conclusion: Most cases of breast cancer diagnosed in patients under the age of 40 years, in our population, had symptoms at diagnosis and tumor with more aggressive biological behavior. Despite the ultrasound has been the most widely used method, we found improved characterization of breast lesions when also used mammography and MRI.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Objetivo: descrever o perfil clínico, os achados de imagem e os aspectos anatomopatológicos do câncer de mama em mulheres com idade inferior a 40 anos. Método: estudo retrospectivo, descritivo, com análise de prontuários de novembro de 2008 a agosto de 2012. Foram estudadas 120 pacientes, das quais 112 realizaram mamografia, 113 ultrassonografia e 105 ressonância magnética (RM). A coleta dos dados histopatológicos foi realizada com informações pós-cirúrgicas, disponíveis para 113 pacientes. Resultados: a idade média ao diagnóstico da neoplasia da mama foi 34 anos. Apenas 11 pacientes (9,0%) apresentaram história familiar positiva para câncer de mama/ovário em parente de primeiro grau. Noventa e duas pacientes (92) procuraram atendimento médico após apresentarem sintomas mamários, sendo nódulo palpável a principal queixa referida. Foram diagnosticados 122 tumores primários, dos quais 112 eram invasivos (95%). O tipo histológico mais encontrado foi o carcinoma ductal invasivo (73,8%). Em relação ao subtipo molecular, o luminal B foi predominante (42,6%). A ultrassonografia foi positiva em 94,5% dos casos e o achado mais comum foi nódulo (94,8%). Na mamografia, a lesão maligna foi evidenciada em 92,8% e a presença de calcificações suspeitas foi o padrão dominante. O exame de RM foi positivo em 98% dos pacientes, sendo lesões tipo massa as mais comuns. Conclusão: a maioria dos casos de câncer de mama em pacientes com idade inferior a 40 anos apresentavam sintomas ao diagnóstico e tumores de comportamento biológico mais agressivo. Apesar de a ultrassonografia ter sido o método mais utilizado, observamos uma melhora da caracterização das lesões mamárias quando utilizadas também a mamografia e a RM.

          Related collections

          Most cited references45

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Refinement of breast cancer classification by molecular characterization of histological special types.

          Most invasive breast cancers are classified as invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified (IDC NOS), whereas about 25% are defined as histological 'special types'. These special-type breast cancers are categorized into at least 17 discrete pathological entities; however, whether these also constitute discrete molecular entities remains to be determined. Current therapy decision-making is increasingly governed by the molecular classification of breast cancer (luminal, basal-like, HER2+). The molecular classification is derived from mainly IDC NOS and it is unknown whether this classification applies to all histological subtypes. We aimed to refine the breast cancer classification systems by analysing a series of 11 histological special types [invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), tubular, mucinous A, mucinous B, neuroendocrine, apocrine, IDC with osteoclastic giant cells, micropapillary, adenoid cystic, metaplastic, and medullary carcinoma] using immunohistochemistry and genome-wide gene expression profiling. Hierarchical clustering analysis confirmed that some histological special types constitute discrete entities, such as micropapillary carcinoma, but also revealed that others, including tubular and lobular carcinoma, are very similar at the transcriptome level. When classified by expression profiling, IDC NOS and ILC contain all molecular breast cancer types (ie luminal, basal-like, HER2+), whereas histological special-type cancers, apart from apocrine carcinoma, are homogeneous and only belong to one molecular subtype. Our analysis also revealed that some special types associated with a good prognosis, such as medullary and adenoid cystic carcinomas, display a poor prognosis basal-like transcriptome, providing strong circumstantial evidence that basal-like cancers constitute a heterogeneous group. Taken together, our results imply that the correct classification of breast cancers of special histological type will allow a more accurate prognostication of breast cancer patients and facilitate the identification of optimal therapeutic strategies.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Prospective multicenter cohort study to refine management recommendations for women at elevated familial risk of breast cancer: the EVA trial.

            We investigated the respective contribution (in terms of cancer yield and stage at diagnosis) of clinical breast examination (CBE), mammography, ultrasound, and quality-assured breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), used alone or in different combination, for screening women at elevated risk for breast cancer. Prospective multicenter observational cohort study. Six hundred eighty-seven asymptomatic women at elevated familial risk (> or = 20% lifetime) underwent 1,679 annual screening rounds consisting of CBE, mammography, ultrasound, and MRI, read independently and in different combinations. In a subgroup of 371 women, additional half-yearly ultrasound and CBE was performed more than 869 screening rounds. Mean and median follow-up was 29.18 and 29.09 months. Twenty-seven women were diagnosed with breast cancer: 11 ductal carcinoma in situ (41%) and 16 invasive cancers (59%). Three (11%) of 27 were node positive. All cancers were detected during annual screening; no interval cancer occurred; no cancer was identified during half-yearly ultrasound. The cancer yield of ultrasound (6.0 of 1,000) and mammography (5.4 of 1,000) was equivalent; it increased nonsignificantly (7.7 of 1,000) if both methods were combined. Cancer yield achieved by MRI alone (14.9 of 1,000) was significantly higher; it was not significantly improved by adding mammography (MRI plus mammography: 16.0 of 1,000) and did not change by adding ultrasound (MRI plus ultrasound: 14.9 of 1,000). Positive predictive value was 39% for mammography, 36% for ultrasound, and 48% for MRI. In women at elevated familial risk, quality-assured MRI screening shifts the distribution of screen-detected breast cancers toward the preinvasive stage. In women undergoing quality-assured MRI annually, neither mammography, nor annual or half-yearly ultrasound or CBE will add to the cancer yield achieved by MRI alone.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Spectrum of breast cancer in Asian women.

              Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Asia, and in recent years is emerging as the commonest female malignancy in the developing Asian countries, overtaking cancer of the uterine cervix. There have been no studies objectively comparing data and facts relating to breast cancer in the developed, newly developed, and developing Asian countries thus far. This multi-national collaborative study retrospectively compared the demographic, clinical, pathological and outcomes data in breast cancer patients managed at participating breast cancer centers in India, Malaysia and Hong Kong. Data, including those on the availability of breast screening, treatment facilities and outcomes from other major cancer centers and cancer registries of these countries and from other Asian countries were also reviewed. Despite an increasing trend, the incidence of breast cancer is lower, yet the cause-specific mortality is significantly higher in developing Asian countries compared with developed countries in Asia and the rest of the world. Patients are about one decade younger in developing countries than their counterparts in developed nations. The proportions of young patients (< 35 years) vary from about 10% in developed to up to 25% in developing Asian countries, which carry a poorer prognosis. In the developing countries, the majority of breast cancer patients continue to be diagnosed at a relatively late stage, and locally advanced cancers constitute over 50% of all patients managed. The stage-wise distribution of the disease is comparatively favorable in developed Asian countries. Pathology of breast cancers in young Asian women and the clinical picture are different from those of average patients managed elsewhere in the world. Owing to lack of awareness, lack of funding, lack of infrastructure, and low priority in public health schemes, breast cancer screening and early detection have not caught up in these under-privileged societies. The inadequacies of health care infrastructures and standards, sociocultural barriers, economic realities, illiteracy, and the differences in the clinical and pathological attributes of this disease in Asian women compared with the rest of the world together result in a different spectrum of the disease. Better socioeconomic conditions, health awareness, and availability of breast cancer screening in developed Asian countries seem to be the major causes of a favorable clinical picture and outcomes in these countries.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ramb
                Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira
                Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.
                Associação Médica Brasileira (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0104-4230
                1806-9282
                November 2016
                : 62
                : 8
                : 755-761
                Affiliations
                [1] São Paulo São Paulo orgnameA.C. Camargo Cancer Center orgdiv2Department of Diagnostic Imaging Brazil
                Article
                S0104-42302016000800755
                10.1590/1806-9282.62.08.755
                27992016
                e2d65bab-7f51-41fe-9055-b48395050a1f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 23 November 2015
                : 16 March 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                neoplasias da mama,mamografia,ultrassonografia mamária,imagem por ressonância magnética,breast neoplasms,mammography,mammary ultrasonography,magnetic resonance imaging

                Comments

                Comment on this article