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      Beurteilung des neuen Masernschutzgesetzes in Deutschland: Ergebnisse einer deutschlandweiten Befragung Translated title: Evaluation of the new German measles protection act: An online survey

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          Abstract

          Hintergrund

          Die aktuelle COVID-19-Pandemie zeigt, wie sehr wir von Infektionskrankheiten bedroht sein können. Effektive Impfungen werden aber häufig nicht ausreichend durchgeführt. Im März 2020 wurde in Deutschland das Masernschutzgesetz eingeführt, um die Immunität in der Bevölkerung auf über 95 % zu steigern.

          Methode

          In der Bevölkerung wurde eine anonyme Online-Befragung zum neuen Masernschutzgesetz mit Selbstangaben zur Masernimpfung/-erkrankung der Teilnehmer*innen und ihrer Kinder und einer Bewertung verschiedener Strafen und Sanktionen durchgeführt.

          Ergebnisse

          1594 Erwachsene nahmen teil. 19,3 % waren vom Masernschutzgesetz betroffen. Von diesen hatten nur 77,5 % eine Immunität gegen Masern, 14,0 % wollten sich bei Inkrafttreten des Masernschutzgesetzes vollständig gegen Masern impfen lassen, wodurch eine Immunität von 91,5 % erreicht werden könnte. Unter der Annahme, dass Teilnehmer*innen mit unklarem Impfstatus bzw. Masernerkrankung immun sind, erreicht man eine Immunität von > 9 5%. 86,4 % der Kinder (2–17 Jahre) hatten einen Immunschutz. Die Bereitschaft der Eltern, ihre Kinder aufgrund der Sanktionen des Masernschutzgesetzes impfen zu lassen, lag bei nur 0,8 %.

          Schlussfolgerung

          Die Immunität gegen Masern bei Erwachsenen und Kindern (2–17 Jahre) lag in unserer Studie unter 95 %. Die Sanktionen des Masernschutzgesetzes sind für Erwachsene ein größerer Anreiz zur Durchführung der Masernimpfung als bei Kindern. Strategien zur Erhöhung der Immunität gegen das Masernvirus mit der Zielgruppe der Eltern sollten weiterhin verfolgt werden.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction

          The current COVID-19 pandemic reveals the dangerousness of infectious diseases and the threats we face. Often however, effective vaccinations are carried out insufficiently. In March 2020, the German measles protection law was introduced to raise the level of population (herd) immunity to over 95 %.

          Methods

          An anonymous online survey was conducted among the population on the Measles Protection Act with self-declarations on measles vaccination/illness of participants and their children and evaluation of various sanctions.

          Results

          1,594 adults participated. 19.3 % were affected by the law. Of these, only 77.5 % were immune to measles, 14.0 % wanted to be fully vaccinated when the law came into force, which would lead to 91.5 % immunity. Assuming that participants with unclear vaccination status or measles disease are immune, an immunity of > 95 % can be achieved. 86.4 % of the children (aged 2 to 17 years) had developed immunity. Parents’ willingness to have their children vaccinated because of the sanctions provided for in the Measles Protection Act was only 0.8 %.

          Conclusion

          The level of immunity to measles in adults and children was under 95 % in our study. The sanctions of the Measles Protection Act are a greater incentive for adults to undergo measles vaccination than for parents. Strategies to increase immunity with the target group of parents should continue to be pursued.

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          Most cited references21

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          Mandate vaccination with care

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            [Vaccination coverage in German adults: results of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1)].

            In the absence of an immunisation register, vaccination coverage in Germany must be estimated. Ten years after the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998 (GNHIES98), the population survey DEGS1 is one of the data sources to be used for monitoring vaccination coverage. In the survey, data on vaccination history were obtained from vaccination cards and self-reports. The prevalence of immunisation for tetanus and diphtheria was higher compared to the prevalence estimated ten years previously in GNHIES98. Nonetheless, 28.6 % of adults have not been vaccinated against tetanus and 42.9 % have not been vaccinated against diphtheria within the last ten years. Vaccination is especially low among the elderly, among adults with low socio-economic status and in western Germany. During the last ten years, only 11.8 % of women and 9.4 % of men were vaccinated against pertussis in western Germany; vaccination coverage was twice as high in eastern Germany. In 2009, recommendations were published to combine the next tetanus immunisation with a pertussis immunisation; therefore pertussis vaccination coverage might improve in the coming years. The lifetime prevalence of influenza vaccination obtained in DEGS1 is higher than the annual vaccination rate for influenza. However, the lifetime prevalence among adults aged 60 years or older is still below the annual rate of 75 % recommended by the WHO. An English full-text version of this article is available at SpringerLink as supplemental.
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              Vaccination coverage in healthcare workers: a multicenter cross-sectional study in Italy

              Introduction In recent years, a phenomenon known as "vaccine hesitancy" has spread throughout the world, even among health workers, determining a reduction in vaccination coverage (VC).  A study aimed at evaluating VC among healthcare workers (HCWs) in 10 Italian cities (L'Aquila, Genoa, Milan, Palermo, Sassari, Catanzaro, Ferrara, Catania, Naples, Messina) was performed. Materials and methods Annex 3 of the Presidential Decree n. 445 of 28 December 2000 was used to collect information on the vaccination status of HCWs. The mean and standard deviation (SD) were calculated with regard to the quantitative variable (age), while absolute and relative frequencies were obtained for categorical data (sex, professional profile, working sector, vaccination status). The connection between VC and the categorical variables was evaluated by chi-square method (statistical significance at p<0.05). The statistical analyses were performed by SPSS and Stata software. Results A total of 3,454 HCWs participated in the project: 1,236 males and 2,218 females.  The sample comprised: physicians (26.9%), trainee physicians (16.1%), nurses (17.2%) and other professional categories (9.8%). Low VC was generally recorded. Higher VC was found with regard to polio, hepatitis B, tetanus and diphtheria, while coverage was very low for measles, mumps, rubella, pertussis, chickenpox and influenza (20-30%).  Conclusions This study revealed low VC rates among HCWs for all the vaccinations. Measures to increase VC are therefore necessary in order to prevent HCWs from becoming a source of transmission of infections with high morbidity and/or mortality both within hospitals and outside. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol 60, No 1 (2019): 2019601
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes
                Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes
                Zeitschrift Fur Evidenz, Fortbildung Und Qualitat Im Gesundheitswesen
                Published by Elsevier GmbH
                1865-9217
                2212-0289
                20 November 2020
                December 2020
                20 November 2020
                : 158
                : 74-80
                Affiliations
                [0005]II. Medizinische Klinik Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim der Universitätsmedizin Heidelberg, Mannheim, Deutschland
                Author notes
                [* ]Korrespondenzadresse. PD Dr. med. Roger Vogelmann, II. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Deutschland
                Article
                S1865-9217(20)30171-9
                10.1016/j.zefq.2020.10.009
                7968737
                33229255
                e2f89e5c-bac9-44d4-bb83-30b109ff2226
                Copyright © 2020 Published by Elsevier GmbH.

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                : 12 June 2020
                : 18 October 2020
                : 24 October 2020
                Categories
                Versorgungsforschung / Health Services Research

                masern,masernschutzgesetz,impfung,kinder,epidemie,measles,measles protection act,vaccination,children,epidemic

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