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      Rapid detection of fast innovation under the pressure of COVID-19

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          Abstract

          Covid-19 has rapidly redefined the agenda of technological research and development both for academics and practitioners. If the medical scientific publication system has promptly reacted to this new situation, other domains, particularly in new technologies, struggle to map what is happening in their contexts. The pandemic has created the need for a rapid detection of technological convergence phenomena, but at the same time it has made clear that this task is impossible on the basis of traditional patent and publication indicators. This paper presents a novel methodology to perform a rapid detection of the fast technological convergence phenomenon that is occurring under the pressure of the Covid-19 pandemic. The fast detection has been performed thanks to the use of a novel source: the online blogging platform Medium. We demonstrate that the hybrid structure of this social journalism platform allows a rapid detection of innovation phenomena, unlike other traditional sources. The technological convergence phenomenon has been modelled through a network-based approach, analysing the differences of networks computed during two time periods (pre and post COVID-19). The results led us to discuss the repurposing of technologies regarding “Remote Control”, “Remote Working”, “Health” and “Remote Learning”.

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          Most cited references75

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          Fast unfolding of communities in large networks

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            Tests of Equality Between Sets of Coefficients in Two Linear Regressions

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              ForceAtlas2, a Continuous Graph Layout Algorithm for Handy Network Visualization Designed for the Gephi Software

              Gephi is a network visualization software used in various disciplines (social network analysis, biology, genomics…). One of its key features is the ability to display the spatialization process, aiming at transforming the network into a map, and ForceAtlas2 is its default layout algorithm. The latter is developed by the Gephi team as an all-around solution to Gephi users’ typical networks (scale-free, 10 to 10,000 nodes). We present here for the first time its functioning and settings. ForceAtlas2 is a force-directed layout close to other algorithms used for network spatialization. We do not claim a theoretical advance but an attempt to integrate different techniques such as the Barnes Hut simulation, degree-dependent repulsive force, and local and global adaptive temperatures. It is designed for the Gephi user experience (it is a continuous algorithm), and we explain which constraints it implies. The algorithm benefits from much feedback and is developed in order to provide many possibilities through its settings. We lay out its complete functioning for the users who need a precise understanding of its behaviour, from the formulas to graphic illustration of the result. We propose a benchmark for our compromise between performance and quality. We also explain why we integrated its various features and discuss our design choices.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS One
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                31 December 2020
                2020
                31 December 2020
                : 15
                : 12
                : e0244175
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
                [2 ] Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
                The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, ROMANIA
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                ‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4273-1509
                Article
                PONE-D-20-21013
                10.1371/journal.pone.0244175
                7774967
                33382727
                e3088c1d-2a95-4fbd-b677-d912d1b99036
                © 2020 Melluso et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 11 July 2020
                : 4 December 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 10, Tables: 3, Pages: 26
                Funding
                Funded by: The authors received no specific funding for this work
                Award ID: The authors received no specific funding for this work
                Award Recipient :
                The authors received no specific funding for this work.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Medical Conditions
                Infectious Diseases
                Viral Diseases
                Covid 19
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Epidemiology
                Pandemics
                Computer and Information Sciences
                Artificial Intelligence
                Machine Learning
                Computer and Information Sciences
                Artificial Intelligence
                Computer and information sciences
                Computer networks
                Internet
                Internet of Things
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Diagnostic Medicine
                Virus Testing
                Computer and Information Sciences
                Network Analysis
                Social Networks
                Social Sciences
                Sociology
                Social Networks
                Computer and Information Sciences
                Computing Methods
                Cloud Computing
                Custom metadata
                The data underlying the results presented in the study are available from https://www.kaggle.com/nmelluso/technology-coronavirus. The data underlying the figures are available as Supporting Information Files.
                COVID-19

                Uncategorized
                Uncategorized

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