Mesenchymal stromal cells from bone marrow treated with bovine tendon extract acquire the phenotype of mature tenocytes☆

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Abstract

Objective

This study evaluated in vitro differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells isolated from bone marrow, in tenocytes after treatment with bovine tendon extract.

Methods

Bovine tendons were used for preparation of the extract and were stored at −80 °C. Mesenchymal stromal cells from the bone marrow of three donors were used for cytotoxicity tests by means of MTT and cell differentiation by means of qPCR.

Results

The data showed that mesenchymal stromal cells from bone marrow treated for up to 21 days in the presence of bovine tendon extract diluted at diminishing concentrations (1:10, 1:50 and 1:250) promoted activation of biglycan, collagen type I and fibromodulin expression.

Conclusion

Our results show that bovine tendon extract is capable of promoting differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in tenocytes.

Resumo

Objetivo

O estudo avalia a diferenciação in vitro das células mesenquimais isoladas do estroma da medula óssea em tenócitos após tratamento com extrato de tendão bovino.

Métodos

Tendões bovinos foram usados para confecção do extrato e estocados a −80 ° C. Células mesenquimais do estroma da medula óssea (BMSCs) de três doadores foram usadas para os testes de citotoxicidade por MTT e diferenciação celular por qPCR.

Resultados

Os dados mostram que células mesenquimais do estroma da medula óssea tratadas por até 21 dias em presença do extrato de tendão bovino diluído em concentrações crescentes (1:10, 1:50 e 1:250) promovem a ativação da expressão de biglican, colágeno tipo I e fibromodulina.

Conclusão

Nossos resultados mostram que o extrato de tendão bovino é capaz de promover a diferenciação das BMSCs em tenócitos.

Related collections

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The repair of injured tendons remains a great challenge, largely owing to a lack of in-depth characterization of tendon cells and their precursors. We show that human and mouse tendons harbor a unique cell population, termed tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs), that has universal stem cell characteristics such as clonogenicity, multipotency and self-renewal capacity. The isolated TSPCs could regenerate tendon-like tissues after extended expansion in vitro and transplantation in vivo. Moreover, we show that TSPCs reside within a unique niche predominantly comprised of an extracellular matrix, and we identify biglycan (Bgn) and fibromodulin (Fmod) as two critical components that organize this niche. Depletion of Bgn and Fmod affects the differentiation of TSPCs by modulating bone morphogenetic protein signaling and impairs tendon formation in vivo. Our results, while offering new insights into the biology of tendon cells, may assist in future strategies to treat tendon diseases.

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Little is known about the genesis and patterning of tendons and other connective tissues, mostly owing to the absence of early markers. We have found that Scleraxis, a bHLH transcription factor, is a highly specific marker for all the connective tissues that mediate attachment of muscle to bone in chick and mouse, including the limb tendons, and show that early scleraxis expression marks the progenitor cell populations for these tissues. In the early limb bud, the tendon progenitor population is found in the superficial proximomedial mesenchyme. Using the scleraxis gene as a marker we show that these progenitors are induced by ectodermal signals and restricted by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling within the mesenchyme. Application of Noggin protein antagonizes this endogenous BMP activity and induces ectopic scleraxis expression. However, the presence of excess tendon progenitors does not lead to the production of additional or longer tendons, indicating that additional signals are required for the final formation of a tendon. Finally, we show that the endogenous expression of noggin within the condensing digit cartilage contributes to the induction of distal tendons.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Lívia Maria Mendonça Augusto

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Rev Bras Ortop

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Rev Bras Ortop

Title: Revista Brasileira de Ortopedia

Publisher: Elsevier

ISSN (Electronic): 2255-4971

Publication date PMC-release: 06 January 2016

Publication date Collection: Jan-Feb 2016

Publication date (Electronic): 06 January 2016

Volume: 51

Issue: 1

Pages: 70-74

Affiliations

[0005]Instituto Nacional de Traumatologia e Ortopedia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

Author notes

[* ] Corresponding author. liviiaaugusto@ 123456gmail.com livia_augusto@ 123456hotmail.com

Article

Publisher ID: S2255-4971(15)00177-9

DOI: 10.1016/j.rboe.2015.12.013

PMC ID: 4767843

PubMed ID: 26962503

SO-VID: e3136174-0ee5-4949-92a6-26fea4946ae8

License:

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).