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      Avaliação dos impactos ambientais de um processo industrial utilizando como matéria-prima policarbonatos virgem e reciclado Translated title: Evaluation of environmental impacts of an industrial process using virgin and recycled polycarbonate raw material

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          Abstract

          RESUMO Os impactos ambientais gerados por processos produtivos é um assunto em crescente evidência no mundo organizacional, e a análise comparativa de processos vem sendo utilizada pelas empresas para verificar os impactos ambientais e suas principais fontes de emissões. A análise dos impactos de um processo produtivo, com dois contextos distintos para a produção de hastes de óculos de policarbonato (PC), em uma indústria localizada no interior de São Paulo, foi realizada com a finalidade de comparar os impactos ambientais gerados. Para isso, foram definidos dois cenários: o 1 representa o processo de injeção que utiliza 100% de PC virgem como matéria-prima, enquanto o 2 usa apenas 20% de matéria-prima virgem, sendo o restante proveniente de resíduos de PC reciclados internamente. Dados quantitativos e qualitativos referentes aos cenários foram coletados e utilizados para identificar os impactos ambientais gerados com o auxílio da metodologia de avaliação do ciclo de vida (ACV). Com os resultados obtidos e a análise comparativa realizada, foi possível verificar os benefícios ambientais resultantes da reciclagem interna da matéria-prima. A redução dos impactos no cenário 2 em comparação com o 1 foi expressiva, principalmente, devido à diminuição da necessidade da produção de matéria-prima virgem. Em todas as categorias de impactos analisadas, ocorreram reduções - por exemplo, na categoria “mudanças climáticas”, a redução foi superior a 70%.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT The environmental impacts generated by production processes is a subject that is increasingly evident in the organizational world and the comparative analysis of processes is an effective method used by companies to verify their environmental impacts and main emission sources. The analysis of environmental impacts for a process with two different scenarios to produce Polycarbonate (PC) glasses temples, in an industry located in the region of São Paulo, was performed in order to compare the environmental impacts generated by both scenarios. Thus, two scenarios were defined: scenario 1 represents the injection process that uses 100% of virgin PC as raw material; while scenario 2 uses only 20% of virgin raw material, the remainder PC waste being internally recycled. Quantitative and qualitative data related to the scenarios were collected and used to identify the impacts generated using the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. With the results obtained and the comparative analysis performed, it was possible to verify the environmental benefits of using the internal recycling of raw material. The impact reduction in scenario 2, compared to scenario 1, was significant, mainly due to the decrease of the need to produce virgin raw material. There were no reductions in all impact categories analyzed; for example, reduction was over 70% in the “climate change” category.

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          Most cited references20

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          Plastics recycling: challenges and opportunities.

          Plastics are inexpensive, lightweight and durable materials, which can readily be moulded into a variety of products that find use in a wide range of applications. As a consequence, the production of plastics has increased markedly over the last 60 years. However, current levels of their usage and disposal generate several environmental problems. Around 4 per cent of world oil and gas production, a non-renewable resource, is used as feedstock for plastics and a further 3-4% is expended to provide energy for their manufacture. A major portion of plastic produced each year is used to make disposable items of packaging or other short-lived products that are discarded within a year of manufacture. These two observations alone indicate that our current use of plastics is not sustainable. In addition, because of the durability of the polymers involved, substantial quantities of discarded end-of-life plastics are accumulating as debris in landfills and in natural habitats worldwide. Recycling is one of the most important actions currently available to reduce these impacts and represents one of the most dynamic areas in the plastics industry today. Recycling provides opportunities to reduce oil usage, carbon dioxide emissions and the quantities of waste requiring disposal. Here, we briefly set recycling into context against other waste-reduction strategies, namely reduction in material use through downgauging or product reuse, the use of alternative biodegradable materials and energy recovery as fuel. While plastics have been recycled since the 1970s, the quantities that are recycled vary geographically, according to plastic type and application. Recycling of packaging materials has seen rapid expansion over the last decades in a number of countries. Advances in technologies and systems for the collection, sorting and reprocessing of recyclable plastics are creating new opportunities for recycling, and with the combined actions of the public, industry and governments it may be possible to divert the majority of plastic waste from landfills to recycling over the next decades.
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            Use of recycled plastics in concrete: A critical review

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              Greener routes for recycling of polyethylene terephthalate

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                esa
                Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental
                Eng. Sanit. Ambient.
                Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental - ABES (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                1413-4152
                1809-4457
                December 2019
                : 24
                : 6
                : 1103-1113
                Affiliations
                [1] Sorocaba orgnameUniversidade Federal de São Carlos Brazil
                [2] Natal Rio Grande do Norte orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Brazil
                Article
                S1413-41522019000601103 S1413-4152(19)02400601103
                10.1590/s1413-41522019177627
                e36f11d0-158b-4099-a2c4-9166d22ab1df

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 March 2017
                : 17 August 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 29, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigo Técnico

                reciclagem,environmental impacts,life cycle assessment,avaliação do ciclo de vida,impactos ambientais,policarbonato,polycarbonate,recycling

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