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      The emerging treatment landscape of targeted therapy in non-small-cell lung cancer

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          Abstract

          Lung cancer is one of the most common cancer in the world. In 2018, there were over 2 million new cases of lung cancer and over 1.7 million deaths were attributed to lung cancer. Targeted therapy has emerged as an important mean of the disease management for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Herein, we review and analyze recent literature, discuss the targeting pathways and ongoing clinical trials in lung cancer. Chemotherapy is no longer the best available treatment for all patients. Therapeutic decisions should be guided by an understanding of the molecular features of patient’s tumor tissues. The future gains will likely emerge from finding optimal ways of combining targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy.

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          Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012.

          Jacques Ferlay, Isabelle Soerjomataram, Rajesh Dikshit … (2015)
          Estimates of the worldwide incidence and mortality from 27 major cancers and for all cancers combined for 2012 are now available in the GLOBOCAN series of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. We review the sources and methods used in compiling the national cancer incidence and mortality estimates, and briefly describe the key results by cancer site and in 20 large "areas" of the world. Overall, there were 14.1 million new cases and 8.2 million deaths in 2012. The most commonly diagnosed cancers were lung (1.82 million), breast (1.67 million), and colorectal (1.36 million); the most common causes of cancer death were lung cancer (1.6 million deaths), liver cancer (745,000 deaths), and stomach cancer (723,000 deaths). © 2014 UICC.
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            Global cancer statistics, 2012.

            Lindsey A Torre, Freddie Bray, Rebecca Siegel … (2015)
            Cancer constitutes an enormous burden on society in more and less economically developed countries alike. The occurrence of cancer is increasing because of the growth and aging of the population, as well as an increasing prevalence of established risk factors such as smoking, overweight, physical inactivity, and changing reproductive patterns associated with urbanization and economic development. Based on GLOBOCAN estimates, about 14.1 million new cancer cases and 8.2 million deaths occurred in 2012 worldwide. Over the years, the burden has shifted to less developed countries, which currently account for about 57% of cases and 65% of cancer deaths worldwide. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among males in both more and less developed countries, and has surpassed breast cancer as the leading cause of cancer death among females in more developed countries; breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death among females in less developed countries. Other leading causes of cancer death in more developed countries include colorectal cancer among males and females and prostate cancer among males. In less developed countries, liver and stomach cancer among males and cervical cancer among females are also leading causes of cancer death. Although incidence rates for all cancers combined are nearly twice as high in more developed than in less developed countries in both males and females, mortality rates are only 8% to 15% higher in more developed countries. This disparity reflects regional differences in the mix of cancers, which is affected by risk factors and detection practices, and/or the availability of treatment. Risk factors associated with the leading causes of cancer death include tobacco use (lung, colorectal, stomach, and liver cancer), overweight/obesity and physical inactivity (breast and colorectal cancer), and infection (liver, stomach, and cervical cancer). A substantial portion of cancer cases and deaths could be prevented by broadly applying effective prevention measures, such as tobacco control, vaccination, and the use of early detection tests. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
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              Pembrolizumab versus Chemotherapy for PD-L1–Positive Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer

              Martin Reck, Delvys Rodriguez-Abreu, Andrew G Robinson … (2016)
              Pembrolizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against programmed death 1 (PD-1) that has antitumor activity in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with increased activity in tumors that express programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1).
              Article 0 comments Cited 2473 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Jian-Hua Chen: jianhuachen15@163.com
                Qing Xu: xuqingmd@aliyun.com
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Signal Transduct Target Ther
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Signal Transduct Target Ther
                Title: Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy
                Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                ISSN (Print): 2095-9907
                ISSN (Electronic): 2059-3635
                Publication date (Electronic): 17 December 2019
                Publication date PMC-release: 17 December 2019
                Publication date Collection: 2019
                Volume: 4
                Electronic Location Identifier: 61
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000000123704535, GRID grid.24516.34, Department of Oncology, Dermatology Hospital, , Tongji University School of Medicine, ; Shanghai, 200443 China
                [2 ]ISNI 0000000123704535, GRID grid.24516.34, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, , Tongji University School of Medicine, ; Shanghai, 200072 China
                [3 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2179 3618, GRID grid.266902.9, Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, ; Oklahoma City, OK USA
                [4 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2179 3618, GRID grid.266902.9, Department of Pathology, , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, ; Oklahoma City, OK USA
                Article
                Publisher ID: 99
                DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0099-9
                PMC ID: 6914774
                PubMed ID: 31871778
                SO-VID: e3735974-f098-4f68-bbbb-86ca684b9029
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2019
                License:

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                Date received : 4 September 2019
                Date revision received : 12 November 2019
                Date accepted : 15 November 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2019

                Keywords: lung cancer,target identification
                Data availability:
                Keywords: lung cancer, target identification

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