For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
47
views
23
references
 Top references
cited by
41
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      172
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      The foot posture index, ankle lunge test, Beighton scale and the lower limb assessment score in healthy children: a reliability study

      research-article
      Author(s): 1 , 2 , , 1 , 1
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Journal of Foot and Ankle Research
      Publisher: BioMed Central

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Background

          Outcome measures are important when evaluating treatments and physiological progress in paediatric populations. Reliable, relevant measures of foot posture are important for such assessments to be accurate over time. The aim of the study was to assess the intra- and inter-rater reliability of common outcome measures for paediatric foot conditions.

          Methods

          A repeated measures, same-subject design assessed the intra- and inter-rater reliability of measures of foot posture, joint hypermobility and ankle range: the Foot Posture Index (FPI-6), the ankle lunge test, the Beighton scale and the lower limb assessment scale (LLAS), used by two examiners in 30 healthy children (aged 7 to 15 years). The Oxford Ankle Foot Questionnaire (OxAFQ-C) was completed by participants and a parent, to assess the extent of foot and ankle problems.

          Results

          The OxAFQ-C demonstrated a mean (SD) score of 6 (6) in adults and 7(5) for children, showing good agreement between parents and children, and which indicates mid-range (transient) disability. Intra-rater reliability was good for the FPI-6 (ICC = 0.93 - 0.94), ankle lunge test (ICC = 0.85-0.95), Beighton scale (ICC = 0.96-0.98) and LLAS (ICC = 0.90-0.98). Inter-rater reliability was largely good for each of the: FPI-6 (ICC = 0.79), ankle lunge test (ICC = 0.83), Beighton scale (ICC = 0.73) and LLAS (ICC = 0.78).

          Conclusion

          The four measures investigated demonstrated adequate intra-rater and inter-rater reliability in this paediatric sample, which further justifies their use in clinical practice.

          Related collections

          Most cited references23

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Quantifying test-retest reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient and the SEM.

          Joseph P Weir (2005)
          Reliability, the consistency of a test or measurement, is frequently quantified in the movement sciences literature. A common metric is the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). In addition, the SEM, which can be calculated from the ICC, is also frequently reported in reliability studies. However, there are several versions of the ICC, and confusion exists in the movement sciences regarding which ICC to use. Further, the utility of the SEM is not fully appreciated. In this review, the basics of classic reliability theory are addressed in the context of choosing and interpreting an ICC. The primary distinction between ICC equations is argued to be one concerning the inclusion (equations 2,1 and 2,k) or exclusion (equations 3,1 and 3,k) of systematic error in the denominator of the ICC equation. Inferential tests of mean differences, which are performed in the process of deriving the necessary variance components for the calculation of ICC values, are useful to determine if systematic error is present. If so, the measurement schedule should be modified (removing trials where learning and/or fatigue effects are present) to remove systematic error, and ICC equations that only consider random error may be safely used. The use of ICC values is discussed in the context of estimating the effects of measurement error on sample size, statistical power, and correlation attenuation. Finally, calculation and application of the SEM are discussed. It is shown how the SEM and its variants can be used to construct confidence intervals for individual scores and to determine the minimal difference needed to be exhibited for one to be confident that a true change in performance of an individual has occurred.
          Article 0 comments Cited 911 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Development and validation of a novel rating system for scoring standing foot posture: the Foot Posture Index.

            Anthony C. Redmond, Jack Crosbie, Robert Ouvrier (2006)
            The limitations of clinical methods for appraising foot posture are well documented. A new measure, the Foot Posture Index is proposed, and its development and validation described. A four-phase development process was used: (i) to derive a series of candidate measures, (ii) to define an appropriate scoring system, (iii) to evaluate the validity of components and modify the instrument as appropriate, and (iv) to investigate the predictive validity of the finalised instrument relative to static and dynamic kinematic models. Methods included initial concurrent validation using Rose's Valgus Index, determination of inter-item reliability, factor analysis, and benchmarking against three dimensional kinematic models derived from electromagnetic motion tracking of the lower limb. Thirty-six candidate components were reduced to six in the final instrument. The draft version of the instrument predicted 59% of the variance in concurrent Valgus Index scores and demonstrated good inter item reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.83). The relevant variables from the motion tracking lower limb model predicted 58-80% of the variance in the six components retained in the final instrument. The finalised instrument predicted 64% of the variance in static standing posture, and 41% of the variance in midstance posture during normal walking. The Foot Posture Index has been subjected to thorough evaluation in the course of its development and a final version is proposed comprising six component measures that performed satisfactorily during the validation process. The Foot Posture Index assessment is quick and simple to perform and allows a multiple segment, multiple plane evaluation that offers some advantages over existing clinical measures of foot posture.
            Article 0 comments Cited 248 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Prevalence of flat foot in preschool-aged children.

              Robert Hauser, Thomas Ledl, M Sluga … (2006)
              Our aim with this study was to establish the prevalence of flat foot in a population of 3- to 6-year-old children to evaluate cofactors such as age, weight, and gender and to estimate the number of unnecessary treatments performed. A total of 835 children (411 girls and 424 boys) were included in this study. The clinical diagnosis of flat foot was based on a valgus position of the heel and a poor formation of the arch. Feet of the children were scanned (while they were in a standing position) by using a laser surface scanner, and rearfoot angle was measured. Rearfoot angle was defined as the angle of the upper Achilles tendon and the distal extension of the rearfoot. Prevalence of flexible flat foot in the group of 3- to 6-year-old children was 44%. Prevalence of pathological flat foot was 90% of the treatments were unnecessary.
              Article 0 comments Cited 116 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                All references

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Foot Ankle Res
                Title: Journal of Foot and Ankle Research
                Publisher: BioMed Central
                ISSN (Electronic): 1757-1146
                Publication date Collection: 2012
                Publication date (Electronic): 9 January 2012
                Volume: 5
                Page: 1
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Podiatry, AUT University, Akoranga Drive, Auckland, New Zealand
                [2 ]Health Science, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, Australia
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1757-1146-5-1
                DOI: 10.1186/1757-1146-5-1
                PMC ID: 3283490
                PubMed ID: 22230105
                SO-VID: e376b634-c5ae-426b-95b7-6c9a627b90fb
                Copyright © Copyright ©2012 Evans et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 9 October 2011
                Date accepted : 9 January 2012
                Categories
                Subject: Research

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Orthopedics
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Orthopedics

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                Related Documents Log
                scite_

                Similar content172

                See all similar

                Cited by40

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors217

                See all reference authors