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      Salmonella Enteritidis in Broiler Chickens, United States, 2000–2005

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          Abstract

          TOC summary line: Greater sampling and monitoring efforts are needed to reverse a significant increase in prevalence.

          Abstract

          US Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) data on Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis in broiler chicken carcass rinses collected from 2000 through 2005 showed the annual number of isolates increased >4-fold and the proportion of establishments with Salmonella Enteritidis–positive rinses increased nearly 3-fold (test for trend, p<0.0001). The number of states with Salmonella Enteritidis in broiler rinses increased from 14 to 24. The predominant phage types (PT) were PT 13 and PT 8, 2 strains that a recent Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) case-control study associated with eating chicken. FSIS is directing more sampling resources toward plants with marginal Salmonella control to reduce prevalence in products including broilers. The policy targets establishments with common Salmonella serotypes of human illness, including Salmonella Enteritidis. Voluntary interventions should be implemented by industry.

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          A phage-typing scheme for Salmonella enteritidis.

          Naomi Ward, Giorgia Ugarte, James B. Rowe (1987)
          For many years phage typing has proved invaluable in epidemiological studies on Salmonella typhi, S. paratyphi A and B, S. typhimurium and a few other serotypes. A phage-typing scheme for S. enteritidis is described. This scheme to date differentiates 27 types using 10 typing phages.
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            Chicken consumption is a newly identified risk factor for sporadic Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis infections in the United States: a case-control study in FoodNet sites.

            Ruthanne Marcus, , Susan Segler … (2004)
            The sources of sporadic Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (SE) infections in the United States are unclear. To determine risk factors for sporadic SE infection, we conducted a population-based case-control study in 5 Foodborne Disease Active Surveillance Network surveillance areas. During the 12-month study, 396 cases of SE infection were ascertained. Among the 182 case patients and 345 controls, SE infection was univariately associated with international travel (matched odds ratio [MOR], 61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 8-447), eating undercooked eggs (MOR, 2.2; 95%CI, 1-5), and eating chicken prepared outside of the home (MOR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.3-3.4). Multivariate analysis revealed that eating chicken outside of the home remained the only significant risk factor for illness (MOR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.6). Chicken consumption has not previously been identified in the United States as a risk factor for SE infection. Measures to prevent SE infections include educating consumers and food handlers about food safety and interventions to decrease contamination of eggs and poultry.
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              Salmonella Enteritidis Infections, United States, 1985–1999

              Mary E. Patrick, Penny M. Adcock, Thomas Gomez … (2004)
              Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis emerged as an important illness during the 1980s. Investigations showed that consumption of undercooked eggs was the major risk factor for disease, and a variety of prevention and control efforts were initiated during the 1990s. We describe sporadic infections and outbreaks of S. Enteritidis in the United States from 1985 through 1999 and discuss prevention and control efforts. After reaching a high of 3.9 per 100,000 population in 1995, S. Enteritidis infections declined to 1.98 per 100,000 in 1999. While the total number of outbreaks decreased by half, those in the western states tripled. Outbreaks of S. Enteritidis phage type 4 infections accounted for 49% of outbreaks in 1999. Outbreak-associated deaths in health facilities decreased from 14 in 1987 to 0 in 1999. Overall, rates of sporadic S. Enteritidis infection, outbreaks, and deaths have declined dramatically. For further reductions, control measures should continue to be applied along the entire farm-to-table continuum.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Emerg Infect Dis
                Journal ID (publisher-id): EID
                Title: Emerging Infectious Diseases
                Publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
                ISSN (Print): 1080-6040
                ISSN (Electronic): 1080-6059
                Publication date (Print): December 2006
                Volume: 12
                Issue: 12
                Pages: 1848-1852
                Affiliations
                [* ]US Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service, Washington, DC, USA;
                [† ]US Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service, College Station, Texas, USA;
                [‡ ]US Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Sean F. Altekruse, USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service, Office of Policy, Program, and Employee Development, 300 12th St SW, Rm 412, Washington, DC 20250, USA; email: sean.altekruse@ 123456fsis.usda.gov
                Article
                Publisher ID: 06-0653
                DOI: 10.3201/eid1212.060653
                PMC ID: 3291361
                PubMed ID: 17326935
                SO-VID: e38644ff-fdd8-4a40-8802-1a1d6dd3a9b2
                History
                Categories
                Subject: Research

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: poultry, research,salmonella enteriditis,salmonella infection
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: poultry, research, salmonella enteriditis, salmonella infection

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