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      Tiefenpsychologisch fundierte Psychotherapie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen : Ergebnisse einer Pilot-Studie

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          Abstract

          Fragestellung: Die Wirksamkeit tiefenpsychologisch fundierter Psychotherapie (TP) bei Kindern und Jugendlichen ist in Deutschland noch immer unzureichend beforscht. Da die TP neben anderen Zielen sowohl kurz-, als auch langfristig eine Symptomverbesserung anstrebt, werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit Ergebnisse zur Frage der Verbesserung von Symptomen und Problemverhalten nach Ablauf von 25 Stunden ambulanter tiefenpsychologisch fundierter Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychotherapie in der Routinepraxis vorgestellt. Zudem sollte deskriptiv die Frage aufgeworfen werden, ob im selben Zeitraum bereits eine positive Veränderung der kindlichen Lebensqualität eintritt. Methodik: Dreißig Kinder mit emotionalen-, Verhaltens- und Anpassungsstörungen, die 25 Stunden tiefenpsychologisch fundierter Psychotherapie erhielten, wurden in die Studie eingeschlossen. Das Elternurteil in der Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) sowie das Eltern- und Therapeutenurteil im Diagnosesystem zur Erfassung psychischer Störungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter (DISYPS-KJ) wurde vor und nach 25 Stunden TP miteinander verglichen. Ergebnisse: Dieser Vergleich brachte signifikante Verbesserungen in fast allen der gemessenen CBCL-Skalen, nicht hingegen in den durch das DISYPS-KJ gemessenen Störungsbereichen. Wir fanden überwiegend mittlere Effekte. Die von den Eltern wahrgenommene allgemeine kindliche Lebensqualität verbesserte sich im Verlauf der 25 Stunden Psychotherapie nicht. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Resultate können als Hinweis auf eine wirksame Verbesserung kindlicher emotionaler und Verhaltensauffälligkeiten aus der Elternperspektive mittels 25 Stunden tiefenpsychologisch fundierter Psychotherapie verstanden werden. Allerdings erschien der gemessene Zeitraum zu kurz für eine positive Veränderung spezifischer Störungsbereiche gemäß Eltern- und Therapeutenurteil.

          Effectiveness of psychodynamic psychotherapy in children and juveniles – results of a pilot study

          Question: The effectiveness of psychodynamic psychotherapy for children and adolescents has yet to be studied sufficiently in Germany. Because psychodynamic psychotherapy aims to reduce symptoms in both the short and long term – besides achieving other long-term goals – in this paper we present results focusing on whether symptoms and problem behavior can be improved within 25 h of outpatient psychodynamic psychotherapy taking place in a practice. Moreover, it addresses whether a positive change of life quality can be achieved in the same timeframe. Method: Thirty children and juveniles with emotional, behavioral, and adjustment disorders who had received 25 h of psychodynamic psychotherapy were investigated. Parental reports on the Child Behavior Checklist and parental and expert opinions on the DISYPS-KJ were compared before and after therapy. Results: We found significant improvement on almost all measured CBCL scales, but not on the syndrome scales measured with the DISYPS. Predominantly medium-size effects were calculated. But parents did not report an improvement of general life quality of their children during the course of psychotherapy. Conclusions: Our results indicate that there is an effective reduction of childhood emotional and behavioral symptoms following psychodynamic psychotherapy. The measured timeframe, however, seems to be too short to ensure significant improvements in specific childhood disorders from both parental and expert perspectives.

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          Changes in attachment organization and reflective function (RF) were assessed as putative mechanisms of change in 1 of 3 year-long psychotherapy treatments for patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Ninety patients reliably diagnosed with BPD were randomized to transference-focused psychotherapy (TFP), dialectical behavior therapy, or a modified psychodynamic supportive psychotherapy. Attachment organization was assessed with the Adult Attachment Interview and the RF coding scale. After 12 months of treatment, participants showed a significant increase in the number classified secure with respect to attachment state of mind for TFP but not for the other 2 treatments. Significant changes in narrative coherence and RF were found as a function of treatment, with TFP showing increases in both constructs during treatment. No changes in resolution of loss or trauma were observed across treatments. Findings suggest that 1 year of intensive TFP can increase patients' narrative coherence and RF. Future research should establish the relationship between these 2 constructs and relevant psychopathology, identify treatment components responsible for effecting these changes, and examine the long-term outcome of these changes. ((c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved).
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            A multidimensional meta-analysis of treatments for depression, panic, and generalized anxiety disorder: an empirical examination of the status of empirically supported therapies.

            The authors report a meta-analysis of high-quality studies published from 1990-1998 on the efficacy of manualized psychotherapies for depression, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) that bear on the clinical utility and external validity of empirically supported therapies. The results suggest that a substantial proportion of patients with panic improve and remain improved; that treatments for depression and GAD produce impressive short-term effects: that most patients in treatment for depression and GAD do not improve and remain improved at clinically meaningful follow-up intervals: and that screening procedures used in many studies raise questions about generalizability, particularly in light of a systematic relation across studies between exclusion rates and outcome. The data suggest the importance of reporting, in both clinical trials and meta-analyses, a range of outcome indices that provide a more comprehensive, multidimensional portrait of treatment effects and their generalizability. These include exclusion rates, percent improved, percent recovered, percent who remained improved or recovered at follow-up, percent seeking additional treatment at follow-up, and data on both completer and intent-to-treat samples.
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              The efficacy of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy in specific psychiatric disorders: a meta-analysis.

              The efficacy of psychodynamic therapy is controversial. Previous meta-analyses have reported discrepant results. To test the efficacy of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (STPP) in specific psychiatric disorders by performing a meta-analysis of more recent studies. We assessed outcomes in target problems, general psychiatric symptoms, and social functioning. We identified studies of STPP published between January 1, 1970, and September 30, 2004, by means of a computerized search using MEDLINE, PsychINFO, and Current Contents. Rigorous inclusion criteria, included randomized controlled trials, use of treatment manuals and insurance of treatment integrity, therapists experienced or specifically trained in STPP, treatment of patients with specific psychiatric disorders, reliable and valid diagnostic measures, and data necessary to calculate effect sizes. Studies of interpersonal therapy were excluded. Seventeen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The information was extracted by 3 raters. Effect sizes were calculated for target problems, general psychiatric symptoms, and social functioning using the data published in the original studies. To examine the stability of outcome, we assessed effect sizes separately for end of therapy and follow-up assessment. The effect sizes of STPP were compared with those of waiting-list control patients, treatments as usual, and other forms of psychotherapy. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy yielded significant and large pretreatment-posttreatment effect sizes for target problems (1.39), general psychiatric symptoms (0.90), and social functioning (0.80). These effect sizes were stable and tended to increase at follow-up (1.57, 0.95, and 1.19, respectively). The effect sizes of STPP significantly exceeded those of waiting-list controls and treatments as usual. No differences were found between STPP and other forms of psychotherapy. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy proved to be an effective treatment in psychiatric disorders. However, further research of STPP in specific psychiatric disorders is needed, including a study of the active ingredients of STPP. Effectiveness studies should be included.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                kij
                Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie
                Hogrefe AG, Bern
                1422-4917
                1664-2880
                March 2013
                : 41
                : 2
                : 87-97
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters der Universität zu Köln
                [ 2 ] Köln Bonner Akademie für Psychotherapie (KBAP)
                [ 3 ] Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatische Medizin des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg
                Author notes
                Priv.-Doz. Dr. rer. nat. Maya K. Krischer, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, der Universität zu Köln, Robert-Koch-Straße 10, 50931 Köln, Deutschland maya.krischer@ 123456uk-koeln.de
                Article
                kij_41_2_87
                10.1024/1422-4917/a000216
                23425611
                e3a9c2bf-959b-4138-a080-d3f6699397e1
                Copyright @ 2013
                History
                : 22 Februar 2012
                : 31 August 2012
                Categories
                Originalarbeit/Original article

                Pediatrics,Psychology,Family & Child studies,Development studies,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Wirksamkeit,life quality,Psychopathologie,psychopathology,effectiveness,tiefenpsychologisch fundierte Psychotherapie,Kinder und Jugendliche,psychodynamic psychotherapy,children and adolescents,Lebensqualität

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