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      A 6900-year history of landscape modification by humans in lowland Amazonia

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          A Pervasive Millennial-Scale Cycle in North Atlantic Holocene and Glacial Climates

          G Randall Bond (1997)
          Article 0 comments Cited 690 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Light-Gap disturbances, recruitment limitation, and tree diversity in a neotropical forest

            Hubbell, Foster, O'Brien … (1999)
            Light gap disturbances have been postulated to play a major role in maintaining tree diversity in species-rich tropical forests. This hypothesis was tested in more than 1200 gaps in a tropical forest in Panama over a 13-year period. Gaps increased seedling establishment and sapling densities, but this effect was nonspecific and broad-spectrum, and species richness per stem was identical in gaps and in nongap control sites. Spatial and temporal variation in the gap disturbance regime did not explain variation in species richness. The species composition of gaps was unpredictable even for pioneer tree species. Strong recruitment limitation appears to decouple the gap disturbance regime from control of tree diversity in this tropical forest.
            Article 0 comments Cited 448 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Mortality of large trees and lianas following experimental drought in an Amazon forest.

              Daniel Nepstad, Ingrid Marisa Tohver, David Ray … (2007)
              Severe drought episodes such as those associated with El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events influence large areas of tropical forest and may become more frequent in the future. One of the most important forest responses to severe drought is tree mortality, which alters forest structure, composition, carbon content, and flammability, and which varies widely. This study tests the hypothesis that tree mortality increases abruptly during drought episodes when plant-available soil water (PAW) declines below a critical minimum threshold. It also examines the effect of tree size, plant life form (palm, liana, tree) and potential canopy position (understory, midcanopy, overstory) on drought-induced plant mortality. A severe, four-year drought episode was simulated by excluding 60% of incoming throughfall during each wet season using plastic panels installed in the understory of a 1-ha forest treatment plot, while a 1-ha control plot received normal rainfall. After 3.2 years, the treatment resulted in a 38% increase in mortality rates across all stems >2 cm dbh. Mortality rates increased 4.5-fold among large trees (>30 cm dbh) and twofold among medium trees (10-30 cm dbh) in response to the treatment, whereas the smallest stems were less responsive. Recruitment rates did not compensate for the elevated mortality of larger-diameter stems in the treatment plot. Overall, lianas proved more susceptible to drought-induced mortality than trees or palms, and potential overstory tree species were more vulnerable than midcanopy and understory species. Large stems contributed to 90% of the pretreatment live aboveground biomass in both plots. Large-tree mortality resulting from the treatment generated 3.4 times more dead biomass than the control plot. The dramatic mortality response suggests significant, adverse impacts on the global carbon cycle if climatic changes follow current trends.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Quaternary Science Reviews
                Abbreviated Title: Quaternary Science Reviews
                Publisher: Elsevier BV
                ISSN (Print): 02773791
                Publication date Created: June 2016
                Publication date (Print): June 2016
                Volume: 141
                Issue:
                Pages: 52-64
                Article
                DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.03.022
                SO-VID: e3ad0274-6b8f-47cb-a873-61f9c12f6127
                Copyright © © 2016
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