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      Collagen from the Marine Sponges Axinella cannabina and Suberites carnosus: Isolation and Morphological, Biochemical, and Biophysical Characterization

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          Abstract

          In search of alternative and safer sources of collagen for biomedical applications, the marine demosponges Axinella cannabina and Suberites carnosus, collected from the Aegean and the Ionian Seas, respectively, were comparatively studied for their insoluble collagen, intercellular collagen, and spongin-like collagen content. The isolated collagenous materials were morphologically, physicochemically, and biophysically characterized. Using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy the fibrous morphology of the isolated collagens was confirmed, whereas the amino acid analysis, in conjunction with infrared spectroscopy studies, verified the characteristic for the collagen amino acid profile and its secondary structure. Furthermore, the isoelectric point and thermal behavior were determined by titration and differential scanning calorimetry, in combination with circular dichroism spectroscopic studies, respectively.

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          Most cited references65

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          Collagens—structure, function, and biosynthesis

          K Gelse (2003)
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            Marine natural products.

            This review covers the literature published in 2014 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 1116 citations (753 for the period January to December 2014) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1378 in 456 papers for 2014), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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              Marine Sponge Derived Natural Products between 2001 and 2010: Trends and Opportunities for Discovery of Bioactives

              Marine sponges belonging to the phylum Porifera (Metazoa), evolutionarily the oldest animals are the single best source of marine natural products. The present review presents a comprehensive overview of the source, taxonomy, country of origin or geographical position, chemical class, and biological activity of sponge-derived new natural products discovered between 2001 and 2010. The data has been analyzed with a view to gaining an outlook on the future trends and opportunities in the search for new compounds and their sources from marine sponges.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Academic Editor
                Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Mar Drugs
                Mar Drugs
                marinedrugs
                Marine Drugs
                MDPI
                1660-3397
                29 May 2017
                June 2017
                : 15
                : 6
                : 152
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece; ltziveleka@ 123456pharm.uoa.gr (L.-A.T.); eioannou@ 123456pharm.uoa.gr (E.I.); foufa_e@ 123456hotmail.com (E.F.)
                [2 ]Institute of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, NCSR “Demokritos”, Aghia Paraskevi 15310, Attiki, Greece; d.tsiourvas@ 123456inn.demokritos.gr
                [3 ]Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Fytoko Str., Nea Ionia 38445, Magnesia, Greece; pveril@ 123456apae.uth.gr
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: roussis@ 123456pharm.uoa.gr ; Tel.: +30-210-727-4592
                Article
                marinedrugs-15-00152
                10.3390/md15060152
                5484102
                28555046
                e3be0aae-2d8e-4f22-beef-c883719123ae
                © 2017 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 22 April 2017
                : 25 May 2017
                Categories
                Article

                Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                axinella cannabina,suberites carnosus,sponges,marine collagen

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