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      Mimicking biological functionality with polymers for biomedical applications

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      Journal: Nature
      Publisher: Springer Nature

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          Abstract

          The vast opportunities for biomaterials design and functionality enabled by mimicking nature continue to stretch the limits of imagination. As both biological understanding and engineering capabilities develop, more sophisticated biomedical materials can be synthesized that have multifaceted chemical, biological and physical characteristics designed to achieve specific therapeutic goals. Mimicry is being used in the design of polymers for biomedical applications that are required locally in tissues, systemically throughout the body, and at the interface with tissues.

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          Analysis of nanoparticle delivery to tumours

          Stefan Wilhelm, Anthony Tavares, Huan-Qin Dai … (2016)
          Article 0 comments Cited 1287 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Cancer Cell Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles for Anticancer Vaccination and Drug Delivery

            Ronnie Fang, Che-Ming Hu, Brian T Luk … (2014)
            Cell-derived nanoparticles have been garnering increased attention due to their ability to mimic many of the natural properties displayed by their source cells. This top-down engineering approach can be applied toward the development of novel therapeutic strategies owing to the unique interactions enabled through the retention of complex antigenic information. Herein, we report on the biological functionalization of polymeric nanoparticles with a layer of membrane coating derived from cancer cells. The resulting core–shell nanostructures, which carry the full array of cancer cell membrane antigens, offer a robust platform with applicability toward multiple modes of anticancer therapy. We demonstrate that by coupling the particles with an immunological adjuvant, the resulting formulation can be used to promote a tumor-specific immune response for use in vaccine applications. Moreover, we show that by taking advantage of the inherent homotypic binding phenomenon frequently observed among tumor cells the membrane functionalization allows for a unique cancer targeting strategy that can be utilized for drug delivery applications.
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              A reversible wet/dry adhesive inspired by mussels and geckos.

              Haeshin Lee, Bruce P Lee, Phillip B. Messersmith (2007)
              The adhesive strategy of the gecko relies on foot pads composed of specialized keratinous foot-hairs called setae, which are subdivided into terminal spatulae of approximately 200 nm (ref. 1). Contact between the gecko foot and an opposing surface generates adhesive forces that are sufficient to allow the gecko to cling onto vertical and even inverted surfaces. Although strong, the adhesion is temporary, permitting rapid detachment and reattachment of the gecko foot during locomotion. Researchers have attempted to capture these properties of gecko adhesive in synthetic mimics with nanoscale surface features reminiscent of setae; however, maintenance of adhesive performance over many cycles has been elusive, and gecko adhesion is greatly diminished upon full immersion in water. Here we report a hybrid biologically inspired adhesive consisting of an array of nanofabricated polymer pillars coated with a thin layer of a synthetic polymer that mimics the wet adhesive proteins found in mussel holdfasts. Wet adhesion of the nanostructured polymer pillar arrays increased nearly 15-fold when coated with mussel-mimetic polymer. The system maintains its adhesive performance for over a thousand contact cycles in both dry and wet environments. This hybrid adhesive, which combines the salient design elements of both gecko and mussel adhesives, should be useful for reversible attachment to a variety of surfaces in any environment.
              Article 0 comments Cited 457 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Nature
                Abbreviated Title: Nature
                Publisher: Springer Nature
                ISSN (Print): 0028-0836
                ISSN (Electronic): 1476-4687
                Publication date Created: December 14 2016
                Publication date (Print): December 14 2016
                Volume: 540
                Issue: 7633
                Pages: 386-394
                Article
                DOI: 10.1038/nature21005
                PubMed ID: 27974772
                SO-VID: e3cd4792-abce-4718-8bd1-494c4b18bfca
                Copyright © © 2016
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