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      The Implications of Multiple Circadian Clock Origins

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      Journal: PLoS Biology
      Publisher: Public Library of Science

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          Abstract

          Michael Rosbash considers whether the mechanisms that govern circadian rhythms in different organisms have arisen multiple times in evolution, and discusses the implications for our understanding of circadian clocks.

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          Extensive and divergent circadian gene expression in liver and heart.

          Kai-Florian Storch, Ovidiu Lipan, Igor Leykin … (2002)
          Many mammalian peripheral tissues have circadian clocks; endogenous oscillators that generate transcriptional rhythms thought to be important for the daily timing of physiological processes. The extent of circadian gene regulation in peripheral tissues is unclear, and to what degree circadian regulation in different tissues involves common or specialized pathways is unknown. Here we report a comparative analysis of circadian gene expression in vivo in mouse liver and heart using oligonucleotide arrays representing 12,488 genes. We find that peripheral circadian gene regulation is extensive (> or = 8-10% of the genes expressed in each tissue), that the distributions of circadian phases in the two tissues are markedly different, and that very few genes show circadian regulation in both tissues. This specificity of circadian regulation cannot be accounted for by tissue-specific gene expression. Despite this divergence, the clock-regulated genes in liver and heart participate in overlapping, extremely diverse processes. A core set of 37 genes with similar circadian regulation in both tissues includes candidates for new clock genes and output genes, and it contains genes responsive to circulating factors with circadian or diurnal rhythms.
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            Time zones: a comparative genetics of circadian clocks.

            M Young, S. Kay (2001)
            The circadian clock is a widespread cellular mechanism that underlies diverse rhythmic functions in organisms from bacteria and fungi, to plants and animals. Intense genetic analysis during recent years has uncovered many of the components and molecular mechanisms comprising these clocks. Although autoregulatory genetic networks are a consistent feature in the design of all clocks, the weight of evidence favours their independent evolutionary origins in different kingdoms.
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              Feedback of the Drosophila period gene product on circadian cycling of its messenger RNA levels.

              Paul E. Hardin, Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash (1990)
              Mutations in the period (per) gene of Drosophila melanogaster affect both circadian and ultradian rhythms. Levels of per gene product undergo circadian oscillation, and it is now shown that there is an underlying oscillation in the level of per RNA. The observations indicate that the cycling of per-encoded protein could result from per RNA cycling, and that there is a feedback loop through which the activity of per-encoded protein causes cycling of its own RNA.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS Biol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): pbio
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plbi
                Journal ID (pmc): plosbiol
                Title: PLoS Biology
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, USA )
                ISSN (Print): 1544-9173
                ISSN (Electronic): 1545-7885
                Publication date (Print): March 2009
                Publication date (Electronic): 17 March 2009
                Volume: 7
                Issue: 3
                Electronic Location Identifier: e1000062
                Article
                Publisher ID: 08-PLBI-E-4385R4
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000062
                PMC ID: 2656552
                PubMed ID: 19296723
                SO-VID: e3dbf188-39e9-4741-8f9f-8e4954f0c348
                Copyright © Copyright: © 2009 Michael Rosbash. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
                History
                Page count
                Pages: 5
                Categories
                Subject: Essay
                Subject: Molecular Biology
                Subject: Neuroscience
                Custom metadata
                citation Rosbash M (2009) The implications of multiple circadian clock origins. PLoS Biol 7(3): e1000062. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000062

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences
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                ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences

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