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      Biological collections in an ever changing world: Herbaria as tools for biogeographical and environmental studies

      Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics
      Elsevier BV

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          New developments in museum-based informatics and applications in biodiversity analysis.

          Information from natural history collections (NHCs) about the diversity, taxonomy and historical distributions of species worldwide is becoming increasingly available over the Internet. In light of this relatively new and rapidly increasing resource, we critically review its utility and limitations for addressing a diverse array of applications. When integrated with spatial environmental data, NHC data can be used to study a broad range of topics, from aspects of ecological and evolutionary theory, to applications in conservation, agriculture and human health. There are challenges inherent to using NHC data, such as taxonomic inaccuracies and biases in the spatial coverage of data, which require consideration. Promising research frontiers include the integration of NHC data with information from comparative genomics and phylogenetics, and stronger connections between the environmental analysis of NHC data and experimental and field-based tests of hypotheses.
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            Cryptic invasion by a non-native genotype of the common reed, Phragmites australis, into North America.

            Cryptic invasions are a largely unrecognized type of biological invasion that lead to underestimation of the total numbers and impacts of invaders because of the difficulty in detecting them. The distribution and abundance of Phragmites australis in North America has increased dramatically over the past 150 years. This research tests the hypothesis that a non-native strain of Phragmites is responsible for the observed spread. Two noncoding chloroplast DNA regions were sequenced for samples collected worldwide, throughout the range of Phragmites. Modern North American populations were compared with historical ones from herbarium collections. Results indicate that an introduction has occurred, and the introduced type has displaced native types as well as expanded to regions previously not known to have Phragmites. Native types apparently have disappeared from New England and, while still present, may be threatened in other parts of North America.
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              Is Open Access

              Distorted Views of Biodiversity: Spatial and Temporal Bias in Species Occurrence Data

              Boakes et al. compile and analyze a historical dataset of 170,000 bird sightings over two centuries and show how changing trends in data gathering may confound a true picture of biodiversity change.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics
                Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics
                Elsevier BV
                14338319
                February 2013
                February 2013
                : 15
                : 1
                : 68-76
                Article
                10.1016/j.ppees.2012.10.002
                e403d8d6-b909-46a4-afe8-2abe28f698b2
                © 2013

                http://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

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