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      Microbial communities in the tropical air ecosystem follow a precise diel cycle

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      Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
      National Academy of Sciences
      microbial ecology, bioaerosols, air microbiome, temperature, tropics

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          Significance

          This manuscript describes a precise diel cycle carried out by airborne microbiota in the tropics. 795 metagenomes from air samples taken from a single site show that fungi, bacteria, and plants all adhere to a specific timing for their presence in the near-surface atmosphere. The airborne community composition thereby shows an unexpected robustness, with the majority of the dynamics in taxa composition occurring within 24 h, but not across days, weeks, or months. Environmental parameters are the main drivers for the observed phenomenon, with temperature being the most important one.

          Abstract

          The atmosphere is vastly underexplored as a habitable ecosystem for microbial organisms. In this study, we investigated 795 time-resolved metagenomes from tropical air, generating 2.27 terabases of data. Despite only 9 to 17% of the generated sequence data currently being assignable to taxa, the air harbored a microbial diversity that rivals the complexity of other planetary ecosystems. The airborne microbial organisms followed a clear diel cycle, possibly driven by environmental factors. Interday taxonomic diversity exceeded day-to-day and month-to-month variation. Environmental time series revealed the existence of a large core of microbial taxa that remained invariable over 13 mo, thereby underlining the long-term robustness of the airborne community structure. Unlike terrestrial or aquatic environments, where prokaryotes are prevalent, the tropical airborne biomass was dominated by DNA from eukaryotic phyla. Specific fungal and bacterial species were strongly correlated with temperature, humidity, and CO 2 concentration, making them suitable biomarkers for studying the bioaerosol dynamics of the atmosphere.

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          Most cited references34

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          Soil biodiversity and soil community composition determine ecosystem multifunctionality.

          Biodiversity loss has become a global concern as evidence accumulates that it will negatively affect ecosystem services on which society depends. So far, most studies have focused on the ecological consequences of above-ground biodiversity loss; yet a large part of Earth's biodiversity is literally hidden below ground. Whether reductions of biodiversity in soil communities below ground have consequences for the overall performance of an ecosystem remains unresolved. It is important to investigate this in view of recent observations that soil biodiversity is declining and that soil communities are changing upon land use intensification. We established soil communities differing in composition and diversity and tested their impact on eight ecosystem functions in model grassland communities. We show that soil biodiversity loss and simplification of soil community composition impair multiple ecosystem functions, including plant diversity, decomposition, nutrient retention, and nutrient cycling. The average response of all measured ecosystem functions (ecosystem multifunctionality) exhibited a strong positive linear relationship to indicators of soil biodiversity, suggesting that soil community composition is a key factor in regulating ecosystem functioning. Our results indicate that changes in soil communities and the loss of soil biodiversity threaten ecosystem multifunctionality and sustainability.
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            A Bayesian method for the induction of probabilistic networks from data

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              Is Open Access

              Architectural design influences the diversity and structure of the built environment microbiome

              Buildings are complex ecosystems that house trillions of microorganisms interacting with each other, with humans and with their environment. Understanding the ecological and evolutionary processes that determine the diversity and composition of the built environment microbiome—the community of microorganisms that live indoors—is important for understanding the relationship between building design, biodiversity and human health. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene to quantify relationships between building attributes and airborne bacterial communities at a health-care facility. We quantified airborne bacterial community structure and environmental conditions in patient rooms exposed to mechanical or window ventilation and in outdoor air. The phylogenetic diversity of airborne bacterial communities was lower indoors than outdoors, and mechanically ventilated rooms contained less diverse microbial communities than did window-ventilated rooms. Bacterial communities in indoor environments contained many taxa that are absent or rare outdoors, including taxa closely related to potential human pathogens. Building attributes, specifically the source of ventilation air, airflow rates, relative humidity and temperature, were correlated with the diversity and composition of indoor bacterial communities. The relative abundance of bacteria closely related to human pathogens was higher indoors than outdoors, and higher in rooms with lower airflow rates and lower relative humidity. The observed relationship between building design and airborne bacterial diversity suggests that we can manage indoor environments, altering through building design and operation the community of microbial species that potentially colonize the human microbiome during our time indoors.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
                Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
                pnas
                pnas
                PNAS
                Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
                National Academy of Sciences
                0027-8424
                1091-6490
                12 November 2019
                28 October 2019
                28 October 2019
                : 116
                : 46
                : 23299-23308
                Affiliations
                [1] aSingapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 637551 Singapore;
                [2] bAsian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University , 637459 Singapore;
                [3] cDepartamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro , 21941-590 Brazil
                Author notes
                2To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: scschuster@ 123456ntu.edu.sg .

                Edited by Edward F. DeLong, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, and approved October 3, 2019 (received for review June 14, 2019)

                Author contributions: S.C.S. designed research; K.J.X.L., I.L., S.K., A.W., J.N.I.H., D.M., N.E.G., C.E.H., M.E.C., V.K.V., C.K., S.B.Y.L., C.C., W.J.P., K.K.K., A.P.N., A.P., D.P., K.Y., Y.Z.H., S.R.L., M.K., H.L.K., L.Y., A.U., D.I.D.-M., A.C.M.J., and S.C.S. performed research; E.S.G., E.A., K.J.X.L., I.L., B.N.V.P., R.W.P., D.I.D.-M., A.C.M.J., and S.C.S. analyzed data; and E.S.G., E.A., I.L., D.I.D.-M., A.C.M.J., and S.C.S. wrote the paper.

                1E.S.G., E.A., and I.L. contributed equally to this work.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-0119
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3080-9524
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2362-0128
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2382-9842
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9082-7527
                Article
                201908493
                10.1073/pnas.1908493116
                6859341
                31659049
                e40f724a-d0d7-4ccf-a3b6-f9b6a68a6a77
                Copyright © 2019 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.

                This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND).

                History
                Page count
                Pages: 10
                Funding
                Funded by: Ministry of Education - Singapore (MOE) 501100001459
                Award ID: MOE2013-T3-1-013
                Award Recipient : Elena S Gusareva Award Recipient : Enzo Acerbi Award Recipient : Kenny J. X. Lau Award Recipient : Irvan Luhung Award Recipient : Balakrishnan N. V. Premkrishnan Award Recipient : Sandra Kolundžija Award Recipient : Rikky W Purbojati Award Recipient : Anthony Wong Award Recipient : James N. I. Houghton Award Recipient : Dana Miller Award Recipient : Nicolas E. Gaultier Award Recipient : Cassie E. Heinle Award Recipient : Megan E Clare Award Recipient : Vineeth Kodengil Vettath Award Recipient : Carmon Kee Award Recipient : Serene B. Y. Lim Award Recipient : Caroline Chénard Award Recipient : Wen Jia Phung Award Recipient : Kavita K. Kushwaha Award Recipient : Ang Poh Nee Award Recipient : Alexander Putra Award Recipient : Deepa Panicker Award Recipient : Koh Yanqing Award Recipient : Yap Zhei Hwe Award Recipient : Sachin R. Lohar Award Recipient : Mikinori Kuwata Award Recipient : Hie Lim Kim Award Recipient : Liang Yang Award Recipient : Akira Uchida Award Recipient : Daniela I. Drautz-Moses Award Recipient : Ana Carolina M. Junqueira Award Recipient : Stephan C. Schuster
                Categories
                PNAS Plus
                Biological Sciences
                Microbiology
                PNAS Plus

                microbial ecology,bioaerosols,air microbiome,temperature,tropics

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