Effect of Orthodontic Brackets on the Accuracy of Apex Locators: A Pilot Study

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of metal orthodontic brackets on the accuracy of electronic apex locator (EAL). The actual canal lengths (ACL) of 40 mandibular incisor teeth were determined. Then, the teeth were randomly divided into two groups ( n = 20). Orthodontic metal brackets were applied in the first group, and no brackets, in the second group. The working length of each tooth was measured with an EAL under 3 test conditions according to the distance between the lip clip and sample tooth. Data were analyzed using one-way repeated measures analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc tests ( p = 0.05). In the bracketed samples, when the lip clip was located at 1 cm and 2 cm from the samples. The mean differences between the EAL measurements and ACLs were statistically higher than those when the samples were located 3 cm from the lip clip ( p < 0.05). There were also statistically significant differences between EAL measurements and ACLs in the bracketed samples located 1 and 2 cm from the lip clip ( p < 0.05). In the nonbracketed group, the differences between EAL measurements and ACLs were not statistically significant in the samples located 1, 2, and 3 cm from the lip clip ( p > 0.05). Use of orthodontic metal brackets can negatively influence the accuracy of the electronic apex locator when the distance between the lip clip and bracket was short. A minimum of 3 cm distance should be kept between the lip clip and tooth in order to make consistent electronic measurements.

Related collections

Most cited references 19

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Internal root resorption: a review.

Shanon Patel, Domenico Ricucci, Conor Durak … (2010)

Internal root resorption is the progressive destruction of intraradicular dentin and dentinal tubules along the middle and apical thirds of the canal walls as a result of clastic activities. The prevalence, etiology, pathogenesis, histologic manifestations, differential diagnosis with cone beam computed tomography, and treatment perspectives involved in internal root resorption are reviewed. The majority of the documentation that exists in the literature is in the form of case reports, and there are only a limited number of studies that attempted to examine the histologic manifestations and biologic aspects of the disease. This might be due, in part, to the relatively rare occurrence of this type of resorption and the lack of an in vivo model, apart from the previous attempt on the use of diathermy, to predictably reproduce the condition for study. From a histologic perspective, internal root resorption is manifested in one form that is purely destructive, internal (root canal) inflammatory resorption, and another that is accompanied by repair, internal (root canal) replacement resorption that is featured by the deposition of metaplastic bone/cementum-like tissues adjacent to the sites of resorption. From a differential diagnosis perspective, the advent of cone beam computed tomography has considerably enhanced the clinician's capability of diagnosing internal root resorption. Nevertheless, root canal treatment remains the treatment of choice for this pathologic condition to date. Copyright 2010 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

0 comments Cited 64 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

The fundamental operating principles of electronic root canal length measurement devices.

Ben J. Hayes, Paul Dummer, M. Ghandi … (2006)

It is generally accepted that root canal treatment procedures should be confined within the root canal system. To achieve this objective the canal terminus must be detected accurately during canal preparation and precise control of working length during the process must be maintained. Several techniques have been used for determining the apical canal terminus including electronic methods. However, the fundamental electronic operating principles and classification of the electronic devices used in this method are often unknown and a matter of controversy. The basic assumption with all electronic length measuring devices is that human tissues have certain characteristics that can be modelled by a combination of electrical components. Therefore, by measuring the electrical properties of the model, such as resistance and impedance, it should be possible to detect the canal terminus. The root canal system is surrounded by dentine and cementum that are insulators to electrical current. At the minor apical foramen, however, there is a small hole in which conductive materials within the canal space (tissue, fluid) are electrically connected to the periodontal ligament that is itself a conductor of electric current. Thus, dentine, along with tissue and fluid inside the canal, forms a resistor, the value of which depends on their dimensions, and their inherent resistivity. When an endodontic file penetrates inside the canal and approaches the minor apical foramen, the resistance between the endodontic file and the foramen decreases, because the effective length of the resistive material (dentine, tissue, fluid) decreases. As well as resistive properties, the structure of the tooth root has capacitive characteristics. Therefore, various electronic methods have been developed that use a variety of other principles to detect the canal terminus. Whilst the simplest devices measure resistance, other devices measure impedance using either high frequency, two frequencies, or multiple frequencies. In addition, some systems use low frequency oscillation and/or a voltage gradient method to detect the canal terminus. The aim of this review was to clarify the fundamental operating principles of the different types of electronic systems that claim to measure canal length.

0 comments Cited 53 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Electronic apex locators.

Andrew M. Gordon, N Chandler (2004)

Prior to root canal treatment at least one undistorted radiograph is required to assess canal morphology. The apical extent of instrumentation and the final root filling have a role in treatment success, and are primarily determined radiographically. Electronic apex locators reduce the number of radiographs required and assist where radiographic methods create difficulty. They may also indicate cases where the apical foramen is some distance from the radiographic apex. Other roles include the detection of root canal perforation. A review of the literature focussed first on the subject of electronic apex location. A second review used the names of apex location devices. From the combined searches, 113 pertinent articles in English were found. This paper reviews the development, action, use and types of electronic apex locators.

0 comments Cited 48 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Contributors

Çağrı Ulusoy:

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3487-2611

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Biomed Res Int

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Biomed Res Int

Journal ID (publisher-id): BMRI

Title: BioMed Research International

Publisher: Hindawi

ISSN (Print): 2314-6133

ISSN (Electronic): 2314-6141

Publication date Collection: 2021

Publication date (Electronic): 24 April 2021

Volume: 2021

Electronic Location Identifier: 6615560

Affiliations

¹Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey

²Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey

³Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey

⁴Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey

Author notes

Academic Editor: Iole Vozza

Author information

Özgür Genç Şen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3864-9310

Özgür İlke Ulusoy https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8779-770X

Yelda Nayır Paltun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2109-7628

Çağrı Ulusoy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3487-2611

Article

DOI: 10.1155/2021/6615560

PMC ID: 8093058

SO-VID: e427f108-ac91-4ae5-972b-a33ecb9c6563

License:

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date received : 25 November 2020

Date revision received : 18 April 2021

Date accepted : 20 April 2021

Comments

Comment on this article

scite_

Most referenced authors 218

See all reference authors

- Version 1

Effect of Orthodontic Brackets on the Accuracy of Apex Locators: A Pilot Study

Read this article at

Abstract

Related collections

NTT Journal for Theology and the Study of Religion

Most cited references 19

Internal root resorption: a review.

The fundamental operating principles of electronic root canal length measurement devices.

Electronic apex locators.

Author and article information

Contributors

Journal

Affiliations

Author notes

Author information

Article

History

Categories

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 644

Most referenced authors 218