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      Antigenotoxic Effect of Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert Essential Oil in Mouse Spermatogonial Cells, and Determination of Its Antioxidant Capacity in Vitro

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          Abstract

          Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert (Asteraceae), popularly known as chamomile, is a plant used in traditional medicine for various therapeutic purposes. Chamomile essential oil (CEO) is particularly known to inhibit the genotoxic damage produced by mutagens in mice somatic cells. The aim of this research was to determine the inhibitory potential of CEO on the genotoxic damage produced by daunorubicin (DAU) in mice germ cells. We evaluated the effect of 5, 50, and 500 mg/kg of essential oil on the rate of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) induced in spermatogonia by 10 mg/kg of the mutagen. We found no genotoxicity of CEO, but detected an inhibition of SCE after the damage induced by DAU; from the lowest to the highest dose of CEO we found an inhibition of 47.5%, 61.9%, and 93.5%, respectively. As a possible mechanism of action, the antioxidant capacity of CEO was determined using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method and ferric thiocyanate assays. In the first test we observed a moderate scavenging potential of the oil; nevertheless, the second assay showed an antioxidant capacity similar to that observed with vitamin E. In conclusion, we found that CEO is an efficient chemoprotective agent against the damage induced by DAU in the precursor cells of the germinal line of mice, and that its antioxidant capacity may induce this effect.

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          Antioxidant activity of Nigella sativa essential oil.

          M Burits, F Bucar (2000)
          The essential oil of black cumin seeds, Nigella sativa L., was tested for a possible antioxidant activity. A rapid evaluation for antioxidants, using two TLC screening methods, showed that thymoquinone and the components carvacrol, t-anethole and 4-terpineol demonstrated respectable radical scavenging property. These four constituents and the essential oil possessed variable antioxidant activity when tested in the diphenylpicrylhydracyl assay for non-specific hydrogen atom or electron donating activity. They were also effective.OH radical scavenging agents in the assay for non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation in liposomes and the deoxyribose degradation assay. GC-MS analysis of the essential oil obtained from six different samples of Nigella sativa seeds and from a commercial fixed oil showed that the qualitative composition of the volatile compounds was almost identical. Differences were mainly restricted to the quantitative composition. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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            A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of chamomile tea (Matricaria recutita L.).

            Jeffrey Blumberg, Susannah McKay (2006)
            Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L., Chamomilla recutita L., Matricaria chamomilla) is one of the most popular single ingredient herbal teas, or tisanes. Chamomile tea, brewed from dried flower heads, has been used traditionally for medicinal purposes. Evidence-based information regarding the bioactivity of this herb is presented. The main constituents of the flowers include several phenolic compounds, primarily the flavonoids apigenin, quercetin, patuletin, luteolin and their glucosides. The principal components of the essential oil extracted from the flowers are the terpenoids alpha-bisabolol and its oxides and azulenes, including chamazulene. Chamomile has moderate antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and significant antiplatelet activity in vitro. Animal model studies indicate potent antiinflammatory action, some antimutagenic and cholesterol-lowering activities, as well as antispasmotic and anxiolytic effects. However, human studies are limited, and clinical trials examining the purported sedative properties of chamomile tea are absent. Adverse reactions to chamomile, consumed as a tisane or applied topically, have been reported among those with allergies to other plants in the daisy family, i.e. Asteraceae or Compositae.
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              Apigenin, a component of Matricaria recutita flowers, is a central benzodiazepine receptors-ligand with anxiolytic effects.

              H Viola, Pablo M. R. O. Moraes, Nathalia Silveira … (1995)
              The dried flower heads of Matricaria recutita L. (Asteraceae) are used in folk medicine to prepare a spasmolytic and sedative tea. Our fractionation of the aqueous extract of this plant led to the detection of several fractions with significant affinity for the central benzodiazepine receptor and to the isolation and identification of 5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone (apigenin) in one of them. Apigenin competitively inhibited the binding of flunitrazepam with a Ki of 4 microM and had no effect on muscarinic receptors, alpha 1-adrenoceptors, and on the binding of muscimol to GABAA receptors. Apigenin had a clear anxiolytic activity in mice in the elevated plusmaze without evidencing sedation or muscle relaxant effects at doses similar to those used for classical benzodiazepines and no anticonvulsant action was detected. However, a 10-fold increase in dosage produced a mild sedative effect since a 26% reduction in ambulatory locomotor activity and a 35% decrement in hole-board parameters were evident. The results reported in this paper demonstrate that apigenin is a ligand for the central benzodiazepine receptors exerting anxiolytic and slight sedative effects but not being anticonvulsant or myorelaxant.
              Article 0 comments Cited 54 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Mol Sci
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ijms
                Title: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
                Publisher: Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
                ISSN (Electronic): 1422-0067
                Publication date Collection: 2010
                Publication date (Electronic): 30 September 2010
                Volume: 11
                Issue: 10
                Pages: 3793-3802
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Laboratorio de Toxicología, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, UAEH, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción. Tilcuautla. Pachuca de Soto, Hgo. Cp 42080, Mexico; E-Mails: ceruelos@ 123456hotmail.com (A.H.-C.); eomsmx@ 123456yahoo.com.mx (E.M.-S.); jmorales101@ 123456yahoo.com.mx (J.A.M.-G)
                [2 ] Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN, Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos, Zacatenco, Av. Wilfrido Massieu. Col Lindavista, D. F. Cp 07738, Mexico; E-Mail: cassani_m@ 123456hotmail.com (M.C.-G)
                [3 ] Laboratorio de Toxicología Preclínica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN, Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos, Zacatenco, Av. Wilfrido Massieu, Col Lindavista, D. F. Cp 07738, Mexico; E-Mail: gchamcev@ 123456yahoo.com.mx (G.C.-C)
                Author notes
                *Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: eduardo.madrigal@ 123456lycos.com ; Tel.: 01-55-57 29 63 00 ext 52402; Fax: 01-55-53 96 35 03.
                Article
                Publisher ID: ijms-11-03793
                DOI: 10.3390/ijms11103793
                PMC ID: 2996809
                PubMed ID: 21152302
                SO-VID: e42d0899-5184-45b5-999c-d63873cc075b
                Copyright © © 2010 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland.
                License:

                This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                Date received : 21 July 2010
                Date revision received : 12 September 2010
                Date accepted : 17 September 2010
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular biology
                Keywords: dpph assay,spermatogonia,sister chromatid exchange,ferric thiocyanate assay
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular biology
                Keywords: dpph assay, spermatogonia, sister chromatid exchange, ferric thiocyanate assay

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