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      Targeting cancer stem cells and signaling pathways by phytochemicals: Novel approach for breast cancer therapy

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          Abstract

          Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer diagnosed in women worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the USA. Despite the development of newer diagnostic methods, selective as well as targeted chemotherapies and their combinations, surgery, hormonal therapy, radiotherapy, breast cancer recurrence, metastasis and drug resistance are still the major problems for breast cancer. Emerging evidence suggest the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a population of cells with the capacity to self-renew, differentiate and be capable of initiating and sustaining tumor growth. In addition, CSCs are believed to be responsible for cancer recurrence, anticancer drug resistance, and metastasis. Hence, compounds targeting breast CSCs may be better therapeutic agents for treating breast cancer and control recurrence and metastasis. Naturally occurring compounds, mainly phytochemicals have gained immense attention in recent times because of their wide safety profile, ability to target heterogeneous populations of cancer cells as well as CSCs, and their key signaling pathways. Therefore, in the present review article, we summarize our current understanding of breast CSCs and their signaling pathways, and the phytochemicals that affect these cells including curcumin, resveratrol, tea polyphenols (epigallocatechin-3-gallate, epigallocatechin), sulforaphane, genistein, indole-3-carbinol, 3, 3′-di-indolylmethane, vitamin E, retinoic acid, quercetin, parthenolide, triptolide, 6-shogaol, pterostilbene, isoliquiritigenin, celastrol, and koenimbin. These phytochemicals may serve as novel therapeutic agents for breast cancer treatment and future leads for drug development.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          9010218
          1211
          Semin Cancer Biol
          Semin. Cancer Biol.
          Seminars in cancer biology
          1044-579X
          1096-3650
          7 July 2017
          05 September 2016
          October 2016
          01 October 2017
          : 40-41
          : 192-208
          Affiliations
          [a ]Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
          [b ]Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
          [c ]Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
          [d ]The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
          Author notes
          [* ]Corresponding author at: Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Mail Stop 3040, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA. sanant@ 123456kumc.edu (S. Anant)
          Article
          PMC5565737 PMC5565737 5565737 nihpa889441
          10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.09.001
          5565737
          27609747
          e42e9630-c87b-43f6-aca1-fe2cd28d7ed0
          History
          Categories
          Article

          Phytochemicals,Curcumin,Signaling pathways,Breast cancer,Cancer stem cells

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