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      Association between Open-Angle Glaucoma and the Risks of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases in South Korea: A 10-year Nationwide Cohort Study

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          Abstract

          We aimed to investigate the risks of Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) in the 10 years following diagnosis of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) using a nationwide cohort. This propensity score-matched retrospective cohort study included 1,025,340 subjects from the Korean National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort database. The OAG group (n = 1,469) included patients who were initially diagnosed with OAG between 2004 and 2007, and the subjects in the comparison group were matched in a 1:5 ratio using propensity scores. Cox regression analyses were performed to investigate the risks of developing AD or PD. The diagnosis of OAG was significantly associated with an increased incidence of AD (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.403, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.180–1.669, p < 0.001), but not PD (HR = 0.995, 95% CI 0.620–1.595, p = 0.983) after adjusting for possible confounding factors. In subgroup analyses, participants with OAG aged ≥65 years were more likely to develop AD compared with those aged <65 years, and female OAG patients had a greater risk of developing AD than males. Patients diagnosed with OAG have a higher risk of developing AD, but not PD, and the risk differed according to age and sex.

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          Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002.

          Serge Resnikoff, Donatella Pascolini, Daniel Etya'ale … (2004)
          This paper presents estimates of the prevalence of visual impairment and its causes in 2002, based on the best available evidence derived from recent studies. Estimates were determined from data on low vision and blindness as defined in the International statistical classification of diseases, injuries and causes of death, 10th revision. The number of people with visual impairment worldwide in 2002 was in excess of 161 million, of whom about 37 million were blind. The burden of visual impairment is not distributed uniformly throughout the world: the least developed regions carry the largest share. Visual impairment is also unequally distributed across age groups, being largely confined to adults 50 years of age and older. A distribution imbalance is also found with regard to gender throughout the world: females have a significantly higher risk of having visual impairment than males. Notwithstanding the progress in surgical intervention that has been made in many countries over the last few decades, cataract remains the leading cause of visual impairment in all regions of the world, except in the most developed countries. Other major causes of visual impairment are, in order of importance, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and trachoma.
          Article 0 comments Cited 800 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease

            Lonneke ML de Lau, Monique Breteler (2006)
            The causes of Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, are still largely unknown. Current thinking is that major gene mutations cause only a small proportion of all cases and that in most cases, non-genetic factors play a part, probably in interaction with susceptibility genes. Numerous epidemiological studies have been done to identify such non-genetic risk factors, but most were small and methodologically limited. Larger, well-designed prospective cohort studies have only recently reached a stage at which they have enough incident patients and person-years of follow-up to investigate possible risk factors and their interactions. In this article, we review what is known about the prevalence, incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of PD from epidemiological studies.
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              New ICD-10 version of the Charlson comorbidity index predicted in-hospital mortality.

              Vijaya Sundararajan, Toni Henderson, Catherine Perry … (2004)
              The ICD-9-CM adaptation of the Charlson comorbidity score has been a valuable resource for health services researchers. With the transition into ICD-10 coding worldwide, an ICD-10 version of the Deyo adaptation was developed and validated using population-based hospital data from Victoria, Australia. The algorithm was translated from ICD-9-CM into ICD-10-AM (Australian modification) in a multistep process. After a mapping algorithm was used to develop an initial translation, these codes were manually examined by the coding experts and a general physician for face validity. Because the ICD-10 system is country specific, our goal was to keep many of the translated code at the three-digit level for generalizability of the new index. There appears to be little difference in the distribution of the Charlson Index score between the two versions. A strong association between increasing index scores and mortality exists: the area under the ROC curve is 0.865 for the last year using the ICD-9-CM version and remains high, at 0.855, for the ICD-10 version. This work represents the first rigorous adaptation of the Charlson comorbidity index for use with ICD-10 data. In comparison with a well-established ICD-9-CM coding algorithm, it yields closely similar prevalence and prognosis information by comorbidity category.
              Article 0 comments Cited 479 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Si Hyung Lee: sieh12@schmc.ac.kr
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Rep
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci Rep
                Title: Scientific Reports
                Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2045-2322
                Publication date (Electronic): 24 July 2018
                Publication date PMC-release: 24 July 2018
                Publication date Collection: 2018
                Volume: 8
                Electronic Location Identifier: 11161
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1773 6524, GRID grid.412674.2, Department of Preventive Medicine, , Soonchunhyang University, College of Medicine, ; Cheonan, Republic of Korea
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0470 5454, GRID grid.15444.30, Institute of Health Services Research, , Yonsei University, College of Medicine, ; Seoul, Korea
                [3 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0634 1623, GRID grid.412678.e, Department of Neurology, , Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bucheon, ; Bucheon, Republic of Korea
                [4 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0634 1623, GRID grid.412678.e, Department of Ophthalmology, , Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bucheon, ; Bucheon, Republic of Korea
                [5 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0470 5454, GRID grid.15444.30, Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, , Yonsei University, College of Medicine, ; Seoul, Korea
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2306-5398
                Article
                Publisher ID: 29557
                DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29557-6
                PMC ID: 6057948
                PubMed ID: 30042382
                SO-VID: e457e9eb-da7b-44f9-a3a7-590a9a6faf04
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2018
                License:

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                Date received : 5 March 2018
                Date accepted : 14 July 2018
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003725, National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF);
                Award ID: 2017R1D1A1B03029944
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Subject: Article
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2018

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
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