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      Reproduction biotechnologies in germplasm banking of livestock species: a review

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      Zygote
      Cambridge University Press (CUP)

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          Summary

          Many biotechnologies are currently used in livestock breeding with the aim of improving reproductive efficiency and increasing the rate of genetic progress in production animals. Semen cryopreservation is the most widely used cryobiotechnology, although vitrification techniques now allow embryos and oocytes to be banked in ever-increasing numbers. Cryopreservation of other types of germplasm (reproductive tissue in general) is also possible, although the techniques are still in the early stages of development for use in livestock species. Although still in their infancy, these techniques are increasingly being used in aquaculture. Germplasm conservation enables reproductive tissues from both animals and fish to be preserved to generate offspring in the future without having to maintain large numbers of living populations of these species. However, such measures need careful planning and coordination. This review explains why the preservation of genetic diversity is needed for livestock and fish, and describes some of the issues involved in germplasm banking. Furthermore, some recent developments in semen handling leading to improved semen cryopreservation and biosecurity measures are also discussed.

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          Revival of spermatozoa after vitrification and dehydration at low temperatures.

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            The epigenetics of breast cancer.

            Epigenetic changes can be defined as stable molecular alterations of a cellular phenotype such as the gene expression profile of a cell that are heritable during somatic cell divisions (and sometimes germ line transmissions) but do not involve changes of the DNA sequence itself. Epigenetic phenomena are mediated by several molecular mechanisms comprising histone modifications, polycomb/trithorax protein complexes, small non-coding or antisense RNAs and DNA methylation. These different modifications are closely interconnected. Epigenetic regulation is critical in normal growth and development and closely conditions the transcriptional potential of genes. Epigenetic mechanisms convey genomic adaption to an environment thereby ultimately contributing towards given phenotype. In this review we will describe the various aspects of epigenetics and in particular DNA methylation in breast carcinogenesis and their potential application for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment decision. (c) 2010. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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              Recent developments and concepts in the cryopreservation of spermatozoa and the assessment of their post-thawing function

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Zygote
                Zygote
                Cambridge University Press (CUP)
                0967-1994
                1469-8730
                October 2017
                August 24 2017
                October 2017
                : 25
                : 5
                : 545-557
                Article
                10.1017/S0967199417000442
                e459e049-7661-4ba4-9409-4dd8ce355b33
                © 2017

                https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms

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