Comparison of Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood Selenium Levels in Low and Normal Birth Weight Neonates

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Abstract

Objective: To compare the maternal and umbilical cord serum selenium concentrations in Low and normal birth weight neonates.

Materials and methods: A case-control study was carried out in Vali-Asr and Akbarabadi Hospitals (Jan. to Dec. 2013). Two groups; case group; 91 mothers who delivered a low birth weight (LBW) neonate and control group; 86 subjects who delivered a normal birth weight neonate were selected. Immediately after birth, 5 ml of maternal blood and umbilical cord blood were collected, and sent to laboratory to assay Se concentrations. To compare both groups' blood Se concentration, data were analyzed in SPSS 16.0.

Results: Eighty six (48.6%) mothers with normal birth weight neonates and 91 (51.4%) mothers with low birth weight infants entered the study. Mean maternal mothers' age and mean maternal blood Se were 28.55 + 5.90 years and 79.3756+26.46915. A significant association was seen between maternal blood and cord blood Se level in control and case group (P value < 0.0001, r = 0.69) and (P value<0.001, r = 0.79). On the other hand no differences were seen between 2 groups' maternal blood Se level (P Value = 0.65). Umbilical Cord blood Se concentration was not also different between case and control group (P value = 0.46).

Conclusion: We found that maternal and umbilical cord blood Se concentrations were not different in low and adequate birth weight infants, however; umbilical cord Se concentrations were positively correlated with maternal blood Se concentrations.

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The effects of prenatal exposure to low-level cadmium, lead and selenium on birth outcomes.

Man-Hong Sun, Wen-Wen Chen, Dongyue Wang … (2014)

To evaluate the current maternal and fetal exposure to cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and selenium (Se), and their potential effect on newborn birth outcomes, a cross-sectional study involving an assessment of the levels of these three metals in maternal blood, urine and umbilical cord blood was conducted in 209 pregnant women living in Eastern China. The maternal blood, urine and cord blood samples were collected and measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The maternal blood concentrations of Cd, Pb and Se (the geometric means (GMs) were 0.48, 39.50 and 143.53 μg L(-1)) were significantly higher than and correlated with those in the cord blood (GM: 0.09, 31.62 and 124.61 μg L(-1)). In the urine samples, the GMs for Cd, Pb and Se were 0.13, 0.48, and 4.78 μg L(-1), respectively. Passive smoking was found to positively correlate with urine Cd (r=0.16) and negatively correlate with urine Se (r=-0.29). The maternal blood Se level was negatively associated with the cord Cd levels (r=-0.41). The blood Cd concentration in the mother could significantly affect the newborn birth weight (r=-0.22), but it was not correlated with birth height. We identified cord Se as a new factor which significantly correlated with birth weight. In conclusion, maternal Cd, Pb, Se exposure correlated with their umbilical cord concentration, and maternal Cd exposure might affect the newborn birth weight. Increasing the Se intake might reduce the cord blood Cd concentration and promote the fetal growth.

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Interaction between cadmium (Cd), selenium (Se) and oxidative stress biomarkers in healthy mothers and its impact on birth anthropometric measures

Iman Al-Saleh, Reem Al-Rouqi, Cercilia Angela Obsum … (2015)

To our knowledge, this study may be the first to examine the antagonistic role of selenium (Se) on oxidative stress induced by cadmium (Cd) and its impact on birth measures. Cd and Se levels were measured in umbilical-cord blood and the placentas of a subsample of 250 healthy mothers who participated between 2005 and 2006 in the project "Prenatal Exposure to Pollutants". The median Cd levels in cord and maternal blood and placental tissue were 0.78μg/l, 0.976μg/l and 0.037μg/g dry wt., respectively. The median levels of Se in cord serum and placental tissue were 65.68μg/l and 1.052μg/g dry wt., respectively. Se was more than 100-fold in molar excess over Cd in both cord serum and placental tissue. The median molar Cd/Se ratios in cord serum and placental tissue were 0.008 and 0.024, respectively, which were much lower than unity. This study suggests that both Cd and Se play a role in the mechanism of oxidative stress, but, the process underlying this mechanism remains unclear. Nevertheless, three biomarkers of oxidative stress had inconsistent relationships with Cd and/or Se in various matrices, perhaps due to potential untested confounders. Our results generally support an association between low in utero exposure to Cd and the anthropometric development of the fetus. Adjusted regression models indicated a negative association of cord blood Cd levels ≥0.78μg/l with Apgar 5-min scores and birth height. Maternal Cd levels ≥0.976μg/l were associated with a 5.94-fold increased risk of small-for-gestational-age births, which increased to 7.48-fold after excluding preterm births. Placenta weight decreased with increasing placental Cd levels ≥0.037μg/g dry wt. (p=0.045), an association that became stronger after excluding preterm births or adjusting for birth weight. Cord Se levels ≥65.68μg/l were positively associated with placenta weight (p=0.041) and thickness (p=0.031), an association that remained unchanged after excluding preterm births. Cord Se levels, however, were negatively associated with cephalization index, but only after excluding preterm births (p=0.017). Each birth measure was again modeled as a function of the Cd/Se ratios in cord blood and placenta tissue. Interestingly cord ratios ≥0.008 were negatively associated with Apgar-5min score (p=0.047), birth weight (p=0.034) and placenta thickness (p=0.022). After excluding preterm births, only the association with placenta thickness remained significant (p=0.021), while birth weight (p=0.053) was marginally significant. In contrast, cephalization index increased with Cd/Se ratios ≥0.008 (p=0.033), an association that became marginally significant after excluding preterm births (p=0.058). For placental Cd/Se ratios ≥0.024, only placenta weight was reduced with (p=0.037) and without (p=0.009) the inclusion of preterm births. These findings do not support an antagonistic mechanism between Cd and Se. The role of oxidative mechanisms either induced by Cd exposure or alleviated by Se on these birth anthropometric measures was examined by principal component analysis. Se did not have a clear protective role against Cd-induced adverse effects despite its substantial excess over Cd, and its role in alleviating oxidative stress by reducing malondialdehyde levels. The results may suggest that the extent of the Se beneficial effects is not governed only by its concentration but also by the chemical forms of Se that interact with various proteins. Consequently, the speciation of Se in such studies is essential for understanding and predicting Se availability for absorption.

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Selenium concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord blood at 24-42 weeks of gestation: basis for optimization of selenium supplementation to premature infants.

Imad Makhoul, Rami Sammour, Eric Diamond … (2004)

Selenium (Se) deficiency may have deleterious effects on premature infants. Umbilical cord (UC) Se concentrations presumably reflect fetal Se concentrations and represent reference values that should be achieved in premature infants. We aimed to establish reference data of Se serum concentrations in parturient women and their neonates across gestation.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Family Reprod Health

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Family Reprod Health

Journal ID (publisher-id): JFRH

Title: Journal of Family & Reproductive Health

Publisher: Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Tehran, Iran )

ISSN (Print): 1735-8949

ISSN (Electronic): 1735-9392

Publication date (Print): September 2015

Volume: 9

Issue: 3

Pages: 125-128

Affiliations

[1 ]Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center AND School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetic, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

[2 ]Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

[3 ]School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetic, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

[4 ]Department of Cellular and Molecular, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetic, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

[5 ]Breastfeeding Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran-Iran

[6 ]Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine AND Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran

Author notes

Correspondence: Fariba Seighali, Valiasr Hospital, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, Iran fseighali@ 123456yahoo.com

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Publisher ID: JFRH-9-125

PMC ID: 4662756

PubMed ID: 26622311

SO-VID: e45dc72b-e08e-4893-aab7-f89592b46dcf

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Comparison of Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood Selenium Levels in Low and Normal Birth Weight Neonates

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Most cited references 10

The effects of prenatal exposure to low-level cadmium, lead and selenium on birth outcomes.

Interaction between cadmium (Cd), selenium (Se) and oxidative stress biomarkers in healthy mothers and its impact on birth anthropometric measures

Selenium concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord blood at 24-42 weeks of gestation: basis for optimization of selenium supplementation to premature infants.

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