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      Gambling problems and the impact of family in UK armed forces veterans

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          Abstract

          Background and aims

          International evidence indicates elevated problem gambling rates in armed forces veterans compared with the general population. Gambling problems adversely impact one’s family, and family-related variables may increase vulnerability to gambling-related harm. Little is known, however, about gambling problems in the United Kingdom (UK) veterans or to what extent family variables, such as parenting history and experience of domestic violence, influence veterans’ gambling.

          Methods

          We compared veterans ( n = 257) and sex- and age-matched controls ( n = 514) drawn from the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey on gambling, financial management, domestic violence, childhood parental presence, and experience of stressful life events. Veterans who left the military before or after 4 years of service were compared.

          Results

          Problem gambling was significantly more prevalent in veterans (1.4%) than non-veterans (0.2%), and the impact of gambling problems on the family was specific to male veterans, particularly those who had experienced a traumatic event after the age of 16, and those who were more likely to have been physically attacked by their partner. Overall, this study revealed that the UK armed forces veterans report a higher prevalence rate of problem gambling compared with non-veterans, with potential negative impact on family life.

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          Most cited references45

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          Measuring psychiatric disorder in the community: a standardized assessment for use by lay interviewers.

          Glyn Lewis, Anthony Pelosi, Ricardo Araya … (1992)
          Many of the standardized interviews currently used in psychiatry require the interviewer to use expert psychiatric judgements in deciding upon the presence or absence of psychopathology. However, when case definitions are standardized it is customary for clinical judgements to be replaced with rules. The Clinical Interview Schedule was therefore revised, in order to increase standardization, and to make it suitable for use by 'lay' interviewers in assessing minor psychiatric disorder in community, general hospital, occupational and primary care research. Two reliability studies of the revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R) were conducted in primary health care clinics in London and Santiago, Chile. Both studies compared psychiatrically trained interviewer(s) with lay interviewer(s). Estimates of the reliability of the CIS-R compared favourably with the results of studies of other standardized interviews. In addition, the lay interviewers were as reliable as the psychiatrists and did not show any bias in their use of the CIS-R. Confirmatory factor analysis models were also used to estimate the reliabilities of the CIS-R and self-administered questionnaires and indicated that traditional measures of reliability are probably overestimates.
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            A pathways model of problem and pathological gambling

            Lia Nower, Alex Blaszczynski (2002)
            Article 0 comments Cited 183 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Understanding gambling related harm: a proposed definition, conceptual framework, and taxonomy of harms

              Erika Langham, Hannah Thorne, Matthew Browne … (2016)
              Background Harm from gambling is known to impact individuals, families, and communities; and these harms are not restricted to people with a gambling disorder. Currently, there is no robust and inclusive internationally agreed upon definition of gambling harm. In addition, the current landscape of gambling policy and research uses inadequate proxy measures of harm, such as problem gambling symptomology, that contribute to a limited understanding of gambling harms. These issues impede efforts to address gambling from a public health perspective. Methods Data regarding harms from gambling was gathered using four separate methodologies, a literature review, focus groups and interviews with professionals involved in the support and treatment of gambling problems, interviews with people who gamble and their affected others, and an analysis of public forum posts for people experiencing problems with gambling and their affected others. The experience of harm related to gambling was examined to generate a conceptual framework. The catalogue of harms experienced were organised as a taxonomy. Results The current paper proposes a definition and conceptual framework of gambling related harm that captures the full breadth of harms that gambling can contribute to; as well as a taxonomy of harms to facilitate the development of more appropriate measures of harm. Conclusions Our aim is to create a dialogue that will lead to a more coherent interpretation of gambling harm across treatment providers, policy makers and researchers.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (pmc): jba
                Journal ID (publisher-id): 2006
                Title: Journal of Behavioral Addictions
                Abbreviated Title: J Behav Addict
                Publisher: Akadémiai Kiadó (Budapest )
                ISSN (Print): 2062-5871
                ISSN (Electronic): 2063-5303
                Publication date (Electronic, epub): 16 April 2018
                Publication date (Print, ppub): June 2018
                Volume: 7
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 355-365
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ]Department of Psychology, Swansea University , Swansea, UK
                [ 2 ]Present address: Bristol Medical School, Bristol University , Bristol, UK
                [ 3 ] Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University , Swansea, UK
                [ 4 ]Department of Psychology, Reykjavík University , Reykjavík, Iceland
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: Simon Dymond; Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; Phone: +44 1792 295602; E-mail: s.o.dymond@ 123456swansea.ac.uk
                Article
                DOI: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.25
                PMC ID: 6174607
                PubMed ID: 29739238
                SO-VID: e4b5e4e4-917b-4c07-889c-eea70356de2e
                Copyright © © 2018 The Author(s)
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author and source are credited, a link to the CC License is provided, and changes – if any – are indicated.

                History
                Date received : 08 January 2018
                Date revision received : 14 March 2018
                Date accepted : 18 March 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 6, Equations: 0, References: 51, Pages: 11
                Funding
                Funding sources: The research described here forms part of a PhD studentship, which is funded by GambleAware. GambleAware is the operating name of the Responsible Gambling Trust, charity no. 1093910, registered in England (no. 4384279). The funders had no role in the study design, collection, analysis or interpretation of the data, or writing the manuscript. As required by the funding agreement, the manuscript has been forwarded to GambleAware for comment. No changes or edits have been made to the manuscript following this consultation.
                Categories
                Subject: FULL-LENGTH REPORT

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine,Psychology,Social & Behavioral Sciences,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: domestic violence,veterans,family,prevalence,gambling
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine, Psychology, Social & Behavioral Sciences, Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: domestic violence, veterans, family, prevalence, gambling

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