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      Conocimiento tácito: características en la práctica enfermera Translated title: Tacit Knowledge: characteristics in nursing practice

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción El conocimiento tácito puede definirse como aquel que se utiliza de forma intuitiva e inconsciente, y que se adquiere mediante la propia experiencia, caracterizándose por ser personal y contextual. Términos como «intuición», «saber cómo» y «conocimiento implícito» se han utilizado para describirlo. Diferentes disciplinas en el ámbito de la gestión y la salud han estudiado el conocimiento tácito y lo han identificado como una potente herramienta para la creación de conocimiento y la toma de decisiones clínica. El objetivo de esta revisión fue analizar la definición y las características que componen el conocimiento tácito, así como determinar el rol que desempeña en la disciplina enfermera. Método Se realizó una revisión integrativa de la literatura publicada hasta noviembre de 2016 en las bases de datos CUIDEN, SciELO, PubMed, Cochrane y CINAHL. La síntesis y la interpretación de los datos fue realizada por dos investigadores mediante análisis del contenido. Resultados De los 819 artículos localizados, se seleccionaron 35 sobre el conocimiento tácito y la disciplina enfermera. No existe consenso en la denominación y la interpretación de los resultados en conocimiento tácito. Las principales características del conocimiento tácito son su carácter personal y social, siendo utilizado a partir de una estructura mental organizada (mindline). Esta estructura está relacionada con el uso del conocimiento tácito en la toma de decisiones clínicas. Conclusiones Los estudios realizados sobre conocimiento tácito y la disciplina enfermera aportan diversas perspectivas sin profundizar en la materia. Se plantea la elaboración de un marco de relaciones que clarifique los conceptos implicados y su papel en la gestión del conocimiento enfermero.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction Tacit knowledge can be defined as knowledge which is used intuitively and unconsciously, which is acquired through one's experience, characterized by being personal and contextual. Some terms such as ‘intuition’, ‘know how’ and ‘implicit knowledge’ have been used to describe tacit knowledge. Different disciplines in the fields of management or health have studied tacit knowledge, identifying it as a powerful tool to create knowledge and clinical decision-making. The aim of this review is to analyse the definition and characteristics that make up tacit knowledge and determine the role it plays in the nursing discipline. Methods An integrative review was undertaken of the literature published up to November 2016 in the databases CUIDEN, SciELO, PubMed, Cochrane and CINAHL. The synthesis and interpretation of the data was performed by two researchers through content analysis. Results From a total of 819 articles located, 35 articles on tacit knowledge and nursing were chosen. There is no consensus on the name and description of results in tacit knowledge. The main characteristics of tacit knowledge have a personal and social character, which is used from an organised mental structure, called mindline. This structure relates to the use of tacit knowledge on clinical decision-making. Conclusions Previous studies on tacit knowledge and nursing provide the nursing community with perspectives without going into depth. The production of a framework is suggested, as it would clarify implied concepts and its role on the management of nursing knowledge.

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          The use of tacit and explicit knowledge in public health: a qualitative study

          Background Planning a public health initiative is both a science and an art. Public health practitioners work in a complex, often time-constrained environment, where formal research literature can be unavailable or uncertain. Consequently, public health practitioners often draw upon other forms of knowledge. Methods Through use of one-on-one interviews and focus groups, we aimed to gain a better understanding of how tacit knowledge is used to inform program initiatives in public health. This study was designed as a narrative inquiry, which is based on the assumption that we make sense of the world by telling stories. Four public health units were purposively selected for maximum variation, based on geography and academic affiliation. Results Analysis revealed different ways in which tacit knowledge was used to plan the public health program or initiative, including discovering the opportunity, bringing a team together, and working out program details (such as partnering, funding). Conclusions The findings of this study demonstrate that tacit knowledge is drawn upon, and embedded within, various stages of the process of program planning in public health. The results will be useful in guiding the development of future knowledge translation strategies for public health organizations and decision makers.
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            Resisting Evidence: The Study of Evidence-Based Medicine as a Contemporary Social Movement

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              Sources of practice knowledge among nurses.

              Several studies have been published listing sources of practice knowledge used by nurses. However, the authors located no studies that asked clinicians to describe comprehensively and categorize the kinds of knowledge needed to practice or in which the researchers attempted to understand how clinicians privilege various knowledge sources. In this article, the authors report findings from two large ethnographic case studies in which sources of practice knowledge was a subsidiary theme. They draw on data from individual and card sort interviews, as well as participant observations, to identify nurses' sources of practice knowledge. Their findings demonstrate that nurses categorize their sources of practice knowledge into four broad groupings: social interactions, experiential knowledge, documents, and a priori knowledge. The insights gained add new understanding about sources of knowledge used by nurses and challenge the disproportionate weight that proponents of the evidence-based movement ascribe to research knowledge.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                gs
                Gaceta Sanitaria
                Gac Sanit
                Ediciones Doyma, S.L. (Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )
                0213-9111
                April 2019
                : 33
                : 2
                : 191-196
                Affiliations
                [2] Valencia orgnameUniversidad de Alicante orgdiv1Departamento de Enfermería Spain
                [1] orgnameAgencia Sanitaria Alto Guadalquivir orgdiv1Hospital de Montilla Spain
                [3] Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Granada orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Spain
                Article
                S0213-91112019000200191
                10.1016/j.gaceta.2017.11.002
                e4c423b1-b2b4-4494-8a8b-707dbe9dc5ff

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 11 July 2017
                : 02 November 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 56, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Revisión

                Enfermería clínica,Clinical nursing,Intuition,Implicit knowledge,Tacit knowledge,Knowledge management,Intuición,Conocimiento implícito,Conocimiento tácito,Gestión del conocimiento

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