The influence of the rib cage on the static and dynamic stability responses of the scoliotic spine

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Abstract

The thoracic cage plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the thoracolumbar spine. In this study, the influence of a rib cage on static and dynamic responses in normal and scoliotic spines was investigated. Four spinal finite element (FE) models (T1–S), representing a normal spine with rib cage (N1), normal spine without rib cage (N2), a scoliotic spine with rib cage (S1) and a scoliotic spine without rib cage (S2), were established based on computed tomography (CT) images, and static, modal, and steady-state analyses were conducted. In S2, the Von Mises stress (VMS) was clearly decreased compared to S1 for four bending loadings. N2 and N1 showed a similar VMS to each other, and there was a significant increase in axial compression in N2 and S2 compared to N1 and S1, respectively. The U magnitude values of N2 and S2 were higher than in N1 and S1 for five loadings, respectively. The resonant frequencies of N2 and S2 were lower than those in N1 and S1, respectively. In steady-state analysis, maximum amplitudes of vibration for N2 and S2 were significantly larger than N1 and S1, respectively. This study has revealed that the rib cage improves spinal stability in vibrating environments and contributes to stability in scoliotic spines under static and dynamic loadings.

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Three-dimensional movements of the whole lumbar spine and lumbosacral joint.

T Crisco, Diane Yamamoto, T Oxland … (1989)

Knowledge of the normal movements of whole lumbar spine and lumbosacral joint is important for evaluating clinical pathologic conditions that may potentially produce unstable situations in these regions. At present there are few studies that report systemic three-dimensional movement analysis of these regions. The purpose of this in vitro study was to quantitatively determine three-dimensional movements of the whole lumbar spine and lumbosacral joint. Ten fresh human cadaveric spine specimens including from L1 to sacrum (six specimens) and ilium (four specimens) were studied. Pure moments of a maximum of 10 N-m were applied incrementally. Parameters of neutral zone, elastic zone, and range of motion for rotations as well as for translations were measured. Neutral zones for flexion-extension, right/left axial torque, and right-left lateral bending were, respectively: 1.6 degrees, 0.9 degrees, and 1.4 degrees (L1-2); 1.0 degrees, 0.8 degrees, and 2.0 degrees (L2-3); 1.4 degrees, 0.7 degrees, and 1.4 degrees (L3-4); 1.8 degrees, 0.4 degrees, and 1.6 degrees (L4-5); 3.0 degrees, 0.4 degrees, and 1.8 degrees (L5-S1). Ranges of motion for flexion, extension, axial torque (one side), and lateral bending (one side) were, respectively: 5.8 degrees, 4.3 degrees, 2.3 degrees, and 4.9 degrees (L1-2); 6.5 degrees, 4.3 degrees, 2.6 degrees, and 7.0 degrees (L2-3); 7.5 degrees, 3.7 degrees, 2.6 degrees, and 5.7 degrees (L3-4); 8.9 degrees, 5.8 degrees, 2.2 degrees, and 5.7 degrees (L4-5); 10.0 degrees, 7.8 degrees, 1.4 degrees, and 5.5 degrees (L5-S1). Neutral zone values were small except for flexion at L5-S1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Biomechanical response of lumbar facet joints under follower preload: a finite element study

Cheng-Fei Du, Nan Yang, Jun-Chao Guo … (2016)

Background Facet joints play a significant role in providing stability to the spine and they have been associated with low back pain symptoms and other spinal disorders. The influence of a follower load on biomechanics of facet joints is unknown. A comprehensive research on the biomechanical role of facets may provide insight into facet joint instability and degeneration. Method A nonlinear finite element (FE) model of lumbar spine (L1-S1) was developed and validated to study the biomechanical response of facets, with different values of follower preload (0 N,500 N,800 N,1200 N), under loadings in the three anatomic planes. In this model, special attention was paid to the modeling of facet joints, including cartilage layer. The asymmetry in the biomechanical response of facets was also discussed. A rate of change (ROC) and an average asymmetry factor (AAF) were introduced to explore and evaluate the preload effect on these facet contact parameters and on the asymmetry under different loading conditions. Results The biomechanical response of facets changed according to the loading condition. The preload amplified the facet force, contact area and contact pressure in flexion-extension; the same effect was observed on the ipsilateral facet while an opposite effect could be seen on the contralateral facet during lateral bending. For torsion loading, the preload increased contact area, decreased the mean contact pressure, but had almost no effect on facet force. However, all the effects of follower load on facet response became weaker with the increase of preload. The greatest asymmetry of facet response could be found on the ipsilateral side during lateral bending, followed by flexion, bending (contralateral side), extension and torsion. This asymmetry could be amplified by preload in the bending (ipsilateral), torsion loading group, while being reduced in the flexion group. Conclusions An analysis combining patterns of contact pressure distribution, facet load, contact area and contact pressure can provide more insight into the biomechanical role of facets under various moment loadings and follower loads. The effect of asymmetry on facet joint response should be fully considered in biomechanical studies of lumbar spine, especially in post structures subjected to physiological loadings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12891-016-0980-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Finite element analysis of the lumbar spine with a new cage using a topology optimization method.

Zheng-Cheng Zhong, Shun-Hwa Wei, Jung-Pin Wang … (2006)

In recent years, degenerative spinal instability has been effectively treated with a cage. However, little attention is focused on the design concept of the cage. The purpose of this study was to develop a new cage and evaluate its biomechanical function using a finite element method (FEM). This study employed topology optimization to design a new cage and analyze stress distribution of the lumbar spine from L1 to L3 with a new cage by using the commercial software ANSYS 6.0. A total of three finite element models, namely the intact lumbar spine, the spine with double RF cages, and with double new cages, were established. The loading conditions were that 10Nm flexion, extension, lateral bending, and torsion, respectively, were imposed on the superior surface of the L1 vertebral body. The bottom of the L3 vertebral body was constrained completely. The FEM estimated that the new cage not only could be reduced to 36% of the volume of the present RF cage but was also similar in biomechanical performance such as range of motion, stress of adjacent disc, and lower subsidence to the RF cage. The advantage of the new cage was that the increased space allowed more bone graft to be placed and the cage saved material. The disadvantage was that stress of the new cage was greater than that of the RF cage.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Li Han: lhan@tmu.edu.cn

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Rep

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci Rep

Title: Scientific Reports

Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 2045-2322

Publication date (Electronic): 9 October 2020

Publication date PMC-release: 9 October 2020

Publication date Collection: 2020

Volume: 10

Electronic Location Identifier: 16916

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.64939.31, ISNI 0000 0000 9999 1211, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, , Beihang University, ; Beijing, China

[2 ]GRID grid.412030.4, ISNI 0000 0000 9226 1013, School of Mechanical Engineering, , Hebei University of Technology, ; Tianjin, China

[3 ]GRID grid.265021.2, ISNI 0000 0000 9792 1228, School of Medical Imaging, , Tianjin Medical University, ; Tianjin, China

Article

Publisher ID: 73881

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73881-9

PMC ID: 7547652

PubMed ID: 33037307

SO-VID: e4d30efa-0c0e-4701-9d84-1e42dd4dcc36

License:

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

Date received : 28 February 2020

Date accepted : 21 September 2020

Funding

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100006606, Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City;

Award ID: 17JCZDJC32500

Award Recipient : Li Han

Custom metadata

ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

Keywords: biomedical engineering,3-d reconstruction

Data availability:

ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

Keywords: biomedical engineering, 3-d reconstruction

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