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      Facial memory ability and self-awareness in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy after anterior temporal lobectomy

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          Abstract

          Anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) is the most common surgical treatment for drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Right ATL has been reported to reduce facial memory ability in patients with TLE, as indicated by poor performance on the Warrington Recognition Memory Test for Faces (RMF), which is commonly used to evaluate visual memory in these patients. However, little is known about whether patients with TLE exhibit difficulties in identifying faces in daily life after ATL. The aim of this study was to investigate facial memory ability and self-awareness of face identification difficulties in patients with TLE after ATL. Sixteen patients with TLE after right ATL, 14 patients with TLE after left ATL, and 29 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. We developed the multiview face recognition test (MFRT), which comprises a learning phase (one or three frontal face images without external facial feature information) and a recognition phase (frontal, oblique, or noise-masked face images). Facial memory abilities were examined in all participants using the MFRT and RMF, and self-awareness of difficulties in face identification was evaluated using the 20-item prosopagnosia index (PI20), which has been widely used to assess developmental prosopagnosia. The MFRT performance in patients with TLE after ATL was significantly worse than that in healthy controls regardless of the resected side, whereas the RMF scores in patients with TLE were significantly worse than those in healthy controls only after right ATL. The MFRT performance in patients with TLE after both left and right ATL was more influenced by working memory load than that in healthy controls. The PI20 scores revealed that patients with TLE after left ATL were aware of their difficulties in identifying faces. These findings suggest that patients with TLE not only after right ATL but also after left ATL might have difficulties in face identification.

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          Epilepsy in adults

          Epilepsy is one of the most common serious brain conditions, affecting over 70 million people worldwide. Its incidence has a bimodal distribution with the highest risk in infants and older age groups. Progress in genomic technology is exposing the complex genetic architecture of the common types of epilepsy, and is driving a paradigm shift. Epilepsy is a symptom complex with multiple risk factors and a strong genetic predisposition rather than a condition with a single expression and cause. These advances have resulted in the new classification of epileptic seizures and epilepsies. A detailed clinical history and a reliable eyewitness account of a seizure are the cornerstones of the diagnosis. Ancillary investigations can help to determine cause and prognosis. Advances in brain imaging are helping to identify the structural and functional causes and consequences of the epilepsies. Comorbidities are increasingly recognised as important aetiological and prognostic markers. Antiseizure medication might suppress seizures in up to two-thirds of all individuals but do not alter long-term prognosis. Epilepsy surgery is the most effective way to achieve long-term seizure freedom in selected individuals with drug-resistant focal epilepsy, but it is probably not used enough. With improved understanding of the gradual development of epilepsy, epigenetic determinants, and pharmacogenomics comes the hope for better, disease-modifying, or even curative, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment strategies. Other developments are clinical implementation of seizure detection devices and new neuromodulation techniques, including responsive neural stimulation.
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            Prevalence and incidence of epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of international studies.

            To review population-based studies of the prevalence and incidence of epilepsy worldwide and use meta-analytic techniques to explore factors that may explain heterogeneity between estimates.
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              Treatment Outcomes in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Epilepsy Treated With Established and New Antiepileptic Drugs

              A study published in 2000 showed that more than one-third of adults with epilepsy have inadequate control of seizures with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). This study evaluates overall treatment outcomes in light of the introduction of more than 1 dozen new AEDs in the past 2 decades.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: Methodology
                Role: MethodologyRole: Supervision
                Role: Data curationRole: Investigation
                Role: Data curationRole: Project administration
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: Project administrationRole: Supervision
                Role: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Supervision
                Role: Supervision
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS One
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                1 April 2021
                2021
                : 16
                : 4
                : e0248785
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
                [2 ] Department of Rehabilitation, Sendai-Nishitaga National Hospital, Sendai, Japan
                [3 ] Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Setagaya, Japan
                [4 ] Department of Occupational Therapy, Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Yamagata, Japan
                [5 ] Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
                [6 ] Department of Neurosurgery, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
                [7 ] Department of Epileptology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
                [8 ] Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
                University of Pécs Medical School, HUNGARY
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                ‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4140-0919
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8380-1561
                Article
                PONE-D-20-37484
                10.1371/journal.pone.0248785
                8016293
                33793593
                e4ee06a1-fde5-459e-a87e-2b086b029c54
                © 2021 Hosokawa et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 29 November 2020
                : 5 March 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 3, Pages: 19
                Funding
                Funded by: Grant-in-aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas
                Award ID: 19H04890
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: JSPS KAKENHI
                Award ID: JP20K11202
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Health Labor Sciences Research Grant
                Award ID: 20GB1002 and 20GC1008
                Award Recipient :
                This work was supported by Grant-in-aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (No. 19H04890) from MEXT to KS, Health Labor Sciences Research Grant No. 20GB1002 and No. 20GC1008 to KS, and JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP20K11202 to SK. URL of MEXT: https://www.mext.go.jp/.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Neuroscience
                Cognitive Science
                Cognition
                Memory
                Face Recognition
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Neuroscience
                Learning and Memory
                Memory
                Face Recognition
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Neuroscience
                Cognitive Science
                Cognitive Psychology
                Perception
                Face Recognition
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Psychology
                Cognitive Psychology
                Perception
                Face Recognition
                Social Sciences
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                Cognitive Psychology
                Perception
                Face Recognition
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Head
                Face
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Head
                Face
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Surgical and Invasive Medical Procedures
                Surgical Excision
                Lobectomy
                Temporal Lobectomy
                Anterior Temporal Lobectomy
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Surgical and Invasive Medical Procedures
                Nervous System Procedures
                Temporal Lobectomy
                Anterior Temporal Lobectomy
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Neuroscience
                Cognitive Science
                Cognitive Neuroscience
                Working Memory
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                Custom metadata
                The data in the multiview face recognition test, famous face identification task, and Japanese version of Warrington Recognition Memory test cannot be shared publicly because the data contain personally identifiable information. Public disclosure of the data is restricted by the ethics committees of Tohoku University Hospital. The data are available from the "Tohoku University Hospital" Institutional Data Access/Ethics Committee for researchers who meet the criteria for access to the data (contact via dataaccess@ 123456bncn.med.tohoku.ac.jp ). All other relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files.

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