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      Synchrotron radiation X-ray multiple diffraction in the study of KDP phase transition induced by electric field

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          Abstract

          In this work, the application of the X-ray multiple diffraction technique using synchrotron radiation at Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron (LNLS) to study KDP phase transition induced by electric field is discussed. A Huber three-axis (omega, phi, 2theta) diffractometer mounted on a table which rotates around the incident beam allows to measure Renninger scans (RS) at the XRD station of LNLS using the adequate polarization for the experiments. Prior results indicated (080) as the best choice for the KDP primary reflection and the (440)(<img src="http:/img/fbpe/mr/v4n1/quatro.gif" alt="quatro.gif (94 bytes)"> 40) four-beam case for the secondary. Two Bragg-surface diffraction (BSD) reflections, where the secondary beam is propagated parallel to the sample surface, are involved in this multiple diffraction case. A RS interval of 3.3° around phi = 0° position was measured while the electric field was increased up to 6 kV/cm. At this value, a phase transition was observed and the secondary peaks became narrower and changed their RS position indicating possible occurrence of a metastable ferroelectric phase.

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          Cyclic dominance and biodiversity in well-mixed populations

          Coevolutionary dynamics is investigated in chemical catalysis, biological evolution, social and economic systems. The dynamics of these systems can be analyzed within the unifying framework of evolutionary game theory. In this Letter, we show that even in well-mixed finite populations, where the dynamics is inherently stochastic, biodiversity is possible with three cyclic dominant strategies. We show how the interplay of evolutionary dynamics, discreteness of the population, and the nature of the interactions influences the coexistence of strategies. We calculate a critical population size above which coexistence is likely.
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            Multiple Diffraction of X-Rays in Crystals

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              Author and article information

              Journal
              mr
              Materials Research
              Mat. Res.
              ABM, ABC, ABPol (São Carlos, , Brazil )
              1516-1439
              1980-5373
              January 2001
              : 4
              : 1
              : 43-46
              Affiliations
              [03] São Paulo SP orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Instituto de Física Brazil
              [02] Fortaleza Ce orgnameUniversidade Federal do Ceará orgdiv1Dep. Física Brazil
              [01] Campinas SP orgnameUniversidade Estadual de Campinas orgdiv1Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin Brazil
              Article
              S1516-14392001000100009 S1516-1439(01)00400109
              10.1590/S1516-14392001000100009
              e4f679ec-6db5-468a-ad04-ec780506a55f

              This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

              History
              : 17 November 2000
              : 06 January 2001
              Page count
              Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 13, Pages: 4
              Product

              SciELO Brazil

              Categories
              Original Articles

              electric field,X-ray multiple diffraction,synchrotron radiation,phase transition

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