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      Aqueous extract of dioscorea opposita thunb. normalizes the hypertension in 2K1C hypertensive rats

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          Abstract

          Background

          Dioscorea opposita Thunb. (Huai Shan Yao, DOT), a common staple food in China, has been used for more than 2000 years in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat different systemic diseases including hypertension. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible antihypertensive effects of the aqueous extract of (DOT) in renovascular hypertensive rats as well as the mechanism in reducing blood pressure.

          Methods

          The two-kidney one-clip (2K1C) Goldblatt model of renovascular hypertension was used in Wistar rats. Rats with captopril, low-dose DOT and high-dose DOT treated 2K1C groups for 6 weeks. The blood pressure, cardiac mass index (heart weight/body weight), plasma level of angiotensin-II (Ang-II), endothelin-1(ET-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated.

          Results

          DOT significantly reduced mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure after treatment. DOT also significantly increased plasma SOD activity but decreased plasma MDA concentration. Renal function was improved with captopril and DOT. DOT reduced plasma Ang-II activity and plasma ET concentration. They couldalso significantly reduce the left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac mass index.

          Conclusions

          Our results suggest that DOT may have an antihypertensive effect on hypertension by inhibit ET-converting enzyme and antioxidant activity, which warrant further exploration.

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          Most cited references40

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          The world health report 2002 - reducing risks, promoting healthy life.

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            Reactive oxygen species, vascular oxidative stress, and redox signaling in hypertension: what is the clinical significance?

            Metabolism of oxygen by cells generates potentially deleterious reactive oxygen species (ROS). Under normal conditions the rate and magnitude of oxidant formation is balanced by the rate of oxidant elimination. However, an imbalance between prooxidants and antioxidants results in oxidative stress, which is the pathogenic outcome of oxidant overproduction that overwhelms the cellular antioxidant capacity. The kidney and vasculature are rich sources of NADPH oxidase-derived ROS, which under pathological conditions play an important role in renal dysfunction and vascular damage. Strong experimental evidence indicates that increased oxidative stress and associated oxidative damage are mediators of renovascular injury in cardiovascular pathologies. Increased production of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, reduced nitric oxide synthesis, and decreased bioavailability of antioxidants have been demonstrated in experimental and human hypertension. These findings have evoked considerable interest because of the possibilities that therapies targeted against free radicals by decreasing ROS generation or by increasing nitric oxide availability and antioxidants may be useful in minimizing vascular injury and renal dysfunction and thereby prevent or regress hypertensive end-organ damage. This article highlights current developments in the field of ROS and hypertension, focusing specifically on the role of oxidative stress in hypertension-associated vascular damage. In addition, recent clinical trials investigating cardiovascular benefits of antioxidants are discussed, and some explanations for the rather disappointing results from these studies are addressed. Finally, important avenues for future research in the field of ROS, oxidative stress, and redox signaling in hypertension are considered.
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              Ethnopharmacological survey of plants used in the traditional treatment of hypertension and diabetes in south-eastern Morocco (Errachidia province).

              This survey was undertaken in the Errachidia province in south-eastern Morocco in order to inventory the main medicinal plants used in folk medicine to treat arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Four hundred individuals who knew about and/or had used the medicinal plants for the indicated diseases, including some herbal healers, were interviewed throughout different regions of the province. The inventory of medicinal plants is summarized in a synoptic table, which contains the scientific, vernacular and common name of the plant, its ecological distribution, the part of the plant and the preparation used and the therapeutic indication. Extensive investigations have brought to light 64 medicinal plants belonging to 33 families; of these, 45 are used for diabetes, 36 for hypertension, and 18 for both diseases. Of these plants, 34% grow in the wild, 44% are cultivated, and 22% are not indigenous to the area and are brought from other parts of Morocco or from outside the country. The survey shows that 78% of the patients regularly use these medicinal plants. In this region, the most frequently used plants to treat diabetes include Ajuga iva, Allium cepa, Artemisia herba-alba, Carum carvi, Lepidium sativum, Nigella sativa, Olea europaea, Peganum harmala, Phoenix dactylifera, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Zygophyllum gaetulum, and those to treat hypertension include Ajuga iva, Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Artemisia herba-alba Asso, Carum carvi, Nigella sativa, Olea europea, Rosmarinus officinalis, Origanum majorana, Peganum harmala, and Phoenix dactylifera. The local people recognize the toxic plants and are very careful in using such plants, which are Citrullus colocynthis, Datura stramonium, Nerium oleander, Nigella sativa, Peganum harmala and Zygophyllum gaetulum. Our survey shows that traditional medicine in the south-eastern Moroccan population has not only survived but has thrived in the transcultural environment and intermixture of many ethnic traditions and beliefs.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                BMC Complement Altern Med
                BMC Complement Altern Med
                BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine
                BioMed Central
                1472-6882
                2014
                21 January 2014
                : 14
                : 36
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Traditional Uighur Medicine Institute, Xinjiang Medical University, 830011 Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
                [2 ]First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, 830011 Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
                [3 ]Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, 830011 Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
                [4 ]Salamat Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011 PR China
                [5 ]ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar and CIIMAR, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
                Article
                1472-6882-14-36
                10.1186/1472-6882-14-36
                3904168
                24447776
                e5328888-374f-4588-97d7-6ceea5045338
                Copyright © 2014 Amat et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                : 4 September 2013
                : 21 November 2013
                Categories
                Research Article

                Complementary & Alternative medicine
                endothelin-1,angiotensin-ii,antihypertensive,dioscorea opposite thunb,2k1c experimental hypertension,hypertrophy

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