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      Emerging role of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in cancer progression

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          Abstract

          Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels comprise a diverse family of ion channels, the majority of which are calcium permeable and show sophisticated regulatory patterns in response to various environmental cues. Early studies led to the recognition of TRP channels as environmental and chemical sensors. Later studies revealed that TRP channels mediated the regulation of intracellular calcium. Mutations in TRP channel genes result in abnormal regulation of TRP channel function or expression, and interfere with normal spatial and temporal patterns of intracellular local Ca 2+ distribution. The resulting dysregulation of multiple downstream effectors, depending on Ca 2+ homeostasis, is associated with hallmarks of cancer pathophysiology, including enhanced proliferation, survival and invasion of cancer cells. These findings indicate that TRP channels affect multiple events that control cellular fate and play a key role in cancer progression. This review discusses the accumulating evidence supporting the role of TRP channels in tumorigenesis, with emphasis on prostate cancer.

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          Senescence and tumour clearance is triggered by p53 restoration in murine liver carcinomas.

          Wen Xue, Lars Zender, Cornelius Miething … (2007)
          Although cancer arises from a combination of mutations in oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes, the extent to which tumour suppressor gene loss is required for maintaining established tumours is poorly understood. p53 is an important tumour suppressor that acts to restrict proliferation in response to DNA damage or deregulation of mitogenic oncogenes, by leading to the induction of various cell cycle checkpoints, apoptosis or cellular senescence. Consequently, p53 mutations increase cell proliferation and survival, and in some settings promote genomic instability and resistance to certain chemotherapies. To determine the consequences of reactivating the p53 pathway in tumours, we used RNA interference (RNAi) to conditionally regulate endogenous p53 expression in a mosaic mouse model of liver carcinoma. We show that even brief reactivation of endogenous p53 in p53-deficient tumours can produce complete tumour regressions. The primary response to p53 was not apoptosis, but instead involved the induction of a cellular senescence program that was associated with differentiation and the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines. This program, although producing only cell cycle arrest in vitro, also triggered an innate immune response that targeted the tumour cells in vivo, thereby contributing to tumour clearance. Our study indicates that p53 loss can be required for the maintenance of aggressive carcinomas, and illustrates how the cellular senescence program can act together with the innate immune system to potently limit tumour growth.
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            AACR centennial series: the biology of cancer metastasis: historical perspective.

            James E. Talmadge, Isaiah Fidler (2010)
            Metastasis resistant to therapy is the major cause of death from cancer. Despite almost 200 years of study, the process of tumor metastasis remains controversial. Stephen Paget initially identified the role of host-tumor interactions on the basis of a review of autopsy records. His "seed and soil" hypothesis was substantiated a century later with experimental studies, and numerous reports have confirmed these seminal observations. An improved understanding of the metastatic process and the attributes of the cells selected by this process is critical for the treatment of patients with systemic disease. In many patients, metastasis has occurred by the time of diagnosis, so metastasis prevention may not be relevant. Treating systemic disease and identifying patients with early disease should be our goal. Revitalized research in the past three decades has focused on new discoveries in the biology of metastasis. Even though our understanding of molecular events that regulate metastasis has improved, the contributions and timing of molecular lesion(s) involved in metastasis pathogenesis remain unclear. Review of the history of pioneering observations and discussion of current controversies should increase understanding of the complex and multifactorial interactions between the host and selected tumor cells that contribute to fatal metastasis and should lead to the design of successful therapy. (c)2010 AACR.
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              Imaging interorganelle contacts and local calcium dynamics at the ER-mitochondrial interface.

              György Csordás, Péter Várnai, Tünde Golenár … (2010)
              The ER-mitochondrial junction provides a local calcium signaling domain that is critical for both matching energy production with demand and the control of apoptosis. Here, we visualize ER-mitochondrial contact sites and monitor the localized [Ca(2+)] changes ([Ca(2+)](ER-mt)) using drug-inducible fluorescent interorganelle linkers. We show that all mitochondria have contacts with the ER, but plasma membrane (PM)-mitochondrial contacts are less frequent because of interleaving ER stacks in both RBL-2H3 and H9c2 cells. Single mitochondria display discrete patches of ER contacts and show heterogeneity in the ER-mitochondrial Ca(2+) transfer. Pericam-tagged linkers revealed IP(3)-induced [Ca(2+)](ER-mt) signals that exceeded 9 microM and endured buffering bulk cytoplasmic [Ca(2+)] increases. Altering linker length to modify the space available for the Ca(2+) transfer machinery had a biphasic effect on [Ca(2+)](ER-mt) signals. These studies provide direct evidence for the existence of high-Ca(2+) microdomains between the ER and mitochondria and suggest an optimal gap width for efficient Ca(2+) transfer. 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMB Rep
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMB Rep
                Title: BMB Reports
                Publisher: Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
                ISSN (Print): 1976-6696
                ISSN (Electronic): 1976-670X
                Publication date (Print): 31 March 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 31 March 2020
                Publication date PMC-release: 31 March 2020
                Volume: 53
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 125-132
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Departments of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 2999, Korea
                [2 ]Departments of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 1999, Korea
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. Tel: +82-32-899-6441; Fax: +82-32-899-6588; E-mail: geretics@ 123456gachon.ac.kr
                Article
                Publisher ID: BMB-53-125
                DOI: 10.5483/BMBRep.2020.53.3.016
                PMC ID: 7118349
                PubMed ID: 32172727
                SO-VID: e53ae769-93ab-4ff0-a550-5567c17002f2
                Copyright © Copyright © 2020 by the The Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 14 January 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Invited Mini Review

                Keywords: calcium signaling,cancer,mechanotransduction,metastasis,prostate cancer,trp channel
                Data availability:
                Keywords: calcium signaling, cancer, mechanotransduction, metastasis, prostate cancer, trp channel

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