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      Aquatic systems in semi-arid Brazil: limnology and management Translated title: Ecossistemas aquáticos do semi-árido brasileiro: aspectos limnológicos e manejo

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          Abstract

          Aquatic systems in semi-arid Brazil include natural shallow lakes, artificial reservoirs and intermittent streams and rivers. These systems are distinctive features in the semi-arid landscape and comprise a range of associated systems functioning as an ever-changing mosaic of dry/wet patches. Lakes and reservoirs in semi-arid Brazil are subject to important periods of water shortages, whereas rivers and streams are characterized as highly variable and driven by the extremes of water flow and its absence. Within this view a catchment-scale approach must be used to create a holistic model to conceptualize and comprehend these aquatic systems, since the aquatic environment types in the semi-arid region of Brazil incorporate broader aspects within the catchment scale such as geomorphology, vegetation, climate and land use. This paper summarizes some of the information on the aquatic systems of the Brazilian semi-arid region and shows the importance of limnological studies in this region. It also attempts to establish perspectives for future research considering the catchment as a scale for surveying biological processes and limnological characteristics of the various aquatic systems. It is presented information on their overall structure and functioning, as well as characteristics of some biological communities, such as phytoplankton, periphyton, aquatic macrophytes, benthic invertebrates and fish. The importance of the understanding of eutrophication in reservoirs and the role of the dry phase in streams is emphasized, and information on possible actions of planning and management to improve water quality of reservoirs are presented.

          Translated abstract

          Os ecossistemas no semiárido brasileiro englobam lagos rasos naturais, reservatórios artificiais e rios e riachos intermitentes. Estes sistemas são particularidades na paisagem do semiárida e compreendem uma grande variedade de sistemas associados, funcionando como um mosaico em constante mudança entre épocas de seca e chuva. Lagos e reservatórios no semiárido brasileiro estão sujeitos a importantes períodos de escassez de água, enquanto que os rios e riachos são caracterizados como altamente variáveis e impulsionados pelos extremos de fluxo de água e sua ausência. Dentro desta perspectiva uma abordagem em escala de bacia hidrográfica deve ser usada para se criar um modelo holístico para conceituar esses sistemas aquáticos, uma vez que os tipos de ambientes aquáticos na região semiárida do Brasil incorporam aspectos mais amplos dentro da escala de bacia hidrográfica como geomorfologia, clima, vegetação e uso da terra. Este artigo sintetiza algumas das informações sobre os sistemas aquáticos da região semiárida brasileira e mostra a importância de estudos limnológicos nesta região. Ele também tenta estabelecer perspectivas para pesquisas futuras considerando a bacia hidrográfica como uma escala para levantamento de processos biológicos e as características limnológicas dos vários sistemas aquáticos. É apresentada informações sobre sua estrutura e funcionamento geral, bem como características de algumas comunidades biológicas, tais como o fitoplâncton, perifíton, macrofitas aquáticas, invertebrados bentônicos e peixes. A importância do entendimento da eutrofização em reservatórios e o papel da fase de seca em riachos são enfatizados, e informações sobre possíveis ações de planejamento e gestão para melhorar a qualidade da água dos reservatórios são apresentados.

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          Most cited references146

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          Basic principles and ecological consequences of altered flow regimes for aquatic biodiversity.

          The flow regime is regarded by many aquatic ecologists to be the key driver of river and floodplain wetland ecosystems. We have focused this literature review around four key principles to highlight the important mechanisms that link hydrology and aquatic biodiversity and to illustrate the consequent impacts of altered flow regimes: Firstly, flow is a major determinant of physical habitat in streams, which in turn is a major determinant of biotic composition; Secondly, aquatic species have evolved life history strategies primarily in direct response to the natural flow regimes; Thirdly, maintenance of natural patterns of longitudinal and lateral connectivity is essential to the viability of populations of many riverine species; Finally, the invasion and success of exotic and introduced species in rivers is facilitated by the alteration of flow regimes. The impacts of flow change are manifest across broad taxonomic groups including riverine plants, invertebrates, and fish. Despite growing recognition of these relationships, ecologists still struggle to predict and quantify biotic responses to altered flow regimes. One obvious difficulty is the ability to distinguish the direct effects of modified flow regimes from impacts associated with land-use change that often accompanies water resource development. Currently, evidence about how rivers function in relation to flow regime and the flows that aquatic organisms need exists largely as a series of untested hypotheses. To overcome these problems, aquatic science needs to move quickly into a manipulative or experimental phase, preferably with the aims of restoration and measuring ecosystem response.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                alb
                Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
                Acta Limnol. Bras.
                Associação Brasileira de Limnologia (Rio Claro, SP, Brazil )
                2179-975X
                March 2012
                : 24
                : 1
                : 103-118
                Affiliations
                [01] Campina Grande PB orgnameUniversidade Estadual da Paraíba orgdiv1Departamento de Biologia Brazil ethambarbosa@ 123456hotmail.com
                [03] Campina Grande PB orgnameUniversidade Estadual da Paraíba orgdiv1Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação Brazil raqquel.cordeiro@ 123456gmail.com
                [05] orgnameUniversidade Federal Rural do Semiárido orgdiv1Laboratório de Limnologia e Qualidade de Água gustavo@ 123456ufersa.edu.br
                [04] João Pessoa PB orgnameUniversidade Federal da Paraíba orgdiv1Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza orgdiv2Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia Brazil ccrispim@ 123456hotmail.com
                [02] orgnameUniversidade Estadual da Paraíba orgdiv1Departamento de Biologia
                Article
                S2179-975X2012000100010 S2179-975X(12)02400110
                10.1590/S2179-975X2012000100010
                e541abc6-44a2-4c60-9e66-caf18e77452e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 25 June 2012
                : 30 November 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 90, Pages: 16
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                reservatórios e rios intermitentes,reservoirs and intermittent rivers,arid and semi-arid zones,aquatic biodiversity,zonas áridas e semiáridas,biodiversidade aquática

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