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      Caraterísticas de los casos de asma notificados como sospecha de enfermedad profesional en Navarra. Años 2010-2015 Translated title: Characteristics of asthma cases reported as a suspected occupational disease in Navarra. Period 2010-2015

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          RESUMEN

          Fundamentos:

          El asma ocupacional (AO), aunque causa gran discapacidad laboral, debido a su complejidad diagnóstica es de difícil reconocimiento por los sistemas oficiales de registro. Para mejorar su detección se han desarrollado sistemas de sospecha. Tras años de experiencia en Navarra, nos planteamos caracterizar los casos de sospecha y compararlos con los declarados como enfermedad profesional (EEPP).

          Métodos:

          Se identificaron los casos de AO notificados como sucesos centinela en el Programa de Vigilancia Epidemiológica en Salud Laboral en Navarra desde enero de 2010 a diciembre de 2015 y los casos declarados como EEPP (asma). La población a estudio fue la población navarra ocupada (357.200 de media). En los casos con consentimiento se compararon las características clínicas y laborales con las de EEPP. Mediante el programa informático SPSS Statistics® 20v se calcularon diferencias de medias mediante prueba T para muestras independientes y diferencias de porcentajes de distribución mediante Test de Chi cuadrado, test exacto de Fisher y test no paramétricos cuando no se cumplían condiciones de aplicación. Como indicador de notificación se calculó la incidencia acumulada por 100.000 trabajadores para cada año de seguimiento del programa.

          Resultados:

          En el período de estudio se notificaron 79 sucesos centinela (en 22 se concluyó la investigación) y 50 casos de EEPP ( 24% recaídas). No encontramos diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la edad (41 vs 40 años), ni el sexo (40,9 % mujeres vs 44,7% hombres), ni la proporción que causó baja laboral (45% y 36,8%), ni el tamaño, la actividad de la empresa o la ocupación del trabajador. Donde sí se encontramos diferencias fue en el tiempo medio de exposición antes de la declaración/notificación, significativamente mayor en las EEPP que en los centinela (94,1 vs 22,2 meses), 72 meses mayor.

          Conclusiones:

          Los casos detectados por ambos sistemas son similares pero, debido a la complejidad diagnóstica, se retrasa la declaración como EEPP, lo que evidencia la utilidad de un sistema más ágil de notificación de sospechas para esta patología laboral.

          ABSTRACT

          Background:

          Although, occupational asthma (OA) causes great work disability, due to its diagnostic complexity, it is difficult to have it recognized by the official registration systems. To improve its detection, suspected systems have been developed. After years of experience in Navarre, we set out to characterize the suspected cases and compare them with those declared as an occupational disease (OD).

          Methods:

          We identified the cases of OA reported as sentinel events in the Epidemiological Surveillance Program in Occupational Health in Navarra from January 2010 to December 2015 and the cases declared as OD (asthma). The population under study was the Navarra employed population (357,200 on average). In the cases with consent, the clinical and labor characteristics were compared with those of OD. Using the SPSS Statistics® 20v computer program, mean differences were calculated by the T test for independent samples and distribution percentage differences by Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test and nonparametric tests when application conditions were not satisfied. As an indicator of notification, the accumulated incidence per 100,000 workers was calculated for each year of program monitoring.

          Results:

          In the period, 79 sentinel events were reported (in 22 the investigation was concluded) and 50 cases of OD (24% relapses). We did not find statistically significant differences in age (41 vs. 40 years), nor gender (40.9% women vs. 44.7%), nor proportion that caused sick leave (45% and 36.8%), nor size, activity of the company or occupation of the worker. Where differences are found was in the meantime of exposure before the recognition/notification, significantly higher in the OD than in the sentinel (94.1 vs. 22.2 months), 72 months longer.

          Conclusions:

          The cases detected by both systems are similar but, due to the diagnostic complexity, the recognition is delayed as OD, which demonstrates the usefulness of a more agile system for reporting suspicions of this work pathology.

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          Most cited references25

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          Exposure to substances in the workplace and new-onset asthma: an international prospective population-based study (ECRHS-II).

          The role of exposure to substances in the workplace in new-onset asthma is not well characterised in population-based studies. We therefore aimed to estimate the relative and attributable risks of new-onset asthma in relation to occupations, work-related exposures, and inhalation accidents. We studied prospectively 6837 participants from 13 countries who previously took part in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (1990-95) and did not report respiratory symptoms or a history of asthma at the time of the first study. Asthma was assessed by methacholine challenge test and by questionnaire data on asthma symptoms. Exposures were defined by high-risk occupations, an asthma-specific job exposure matrix with additional expert judgment, and through self-report of acute inhalation events. Relative risks for new onset asthma were calculated with log-binomial models adjusted for age, sex, smoking, and study centre. A significant excess asthma risk was seen after exposure to substances known to cause occupational asthma (Relative risk=1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.3, p=0.017). Risks were highest for asthma defined by bronchial hyper-reactivity in addition to symptoms (2.4, 1.3-4.6, p=0.008). Of common occupations, a significant excess risk of asthma was seen for nursing (2.2, 1.3-4.0, p=0.007). Asthma risk was also increased in participants who reported an acute symptomatic inhalation event such as fire, mixing cleaning products, or chemical spills (RR=3.3, 95% CI 1.0-11.1, p=0.051). The population-attributable risk for adult asthma due to occupational exposures ranged from 10% to 25%, equivalent to an incidence of new-onset occupational asthma of 250-300 cases per million people per year. Occupational exposures account for a substantial proportion of adult asthma incidence. The increased risk of asthma after inhalation accidents suggests that workers who have such accidents should be monitored closely.
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            Occupational asthma.

            Occupational asthma has been defined as asthma due to conditions attributable to work exposures, not to causes outside the workplace. This review focuses on current data on pathogenesis, evaluation, and management.
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              Sentinel Health Events (occupational): a basis for physician recognition and public health surveillance.

              A Sentinel Health Event (SHE) is a preventable disease, disability, or untimely death whose occurrence serves as a warning signal that the quality of preventive and/or therapeutic medical care may need to be improved. A SHE (Occupational) is a disease, disability, or untimely death which is occupationally related and whose occurrence may: 1) provide the impetus for epidemiologic or industrial hygiene studies; or 2) serve as a warning signal that materials substitution, engineering control, personal protection, or medical care may be required. The present SHE(O) list encompasses 50 disease conditions that are linked to the workplace. Only those conditions are included for which objective documentation of an associated agent, industry, and occupation exists in the scientific literature. The list will serve as a framework for developing a national system for occupational health surveillance that may be applied at the state and local level, and as a guide for practicing physicians caring for patients with occupational illnesses. We expect to update the list periodically to accommodate new occupational disease events which meet the criteria for inclusion.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Esp Salud Publica
                Rev Esp Salud Publica
                resp
                Revista Española de Salud Pública
                Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar social
                1135-5727
                2173-9110
                07 September 2018
                Jan-Dec 2018
                : 92
                : e201809066
                Affiliations
                [1 ] originalUnidad Docente de Medicina del Trabajo de Navarra. Pamplona. España. orgnameUnidad Docente de Medicina del Trabajo de Navarra Pamplona España
                Author notes
                Correspondencia: Dra. Vega García López Unidad Docente de Medicina del Trabajo de Navarra Departamento de Salud. C/ Irunlarrea, 3 (Recinto Complejo Hospitalario. Edificio Docencia) 31008 PAMPLONA vgarcial@ 123456navarra.es

                Los autores declaran que no existe conflicto de intereses.

                Article
                e201809066
                11587326
                30181531
                e54733a0-19f1-4019-a2bb-be9e9a32656f

                This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. You are free to Share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) under the following terms: Attribution (You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use); NonCommercial (You may not use the material for commercial purposes); NoDerivatives (If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material); No additional restrictions (You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits).

                History
                : 11 May 2018
                : 13 June 2018
                : 07 September 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 6, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 1
                Categories
                Original

                asma ocupacional,enfermedades profesionales,vigilancia de la salud del trabajador,occupational asthma,occupational diseases,surveillance of the workers health

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