Development of gender differences in depression: An elaborated cognitive vulnerability–transactional stress theory.

Abstract

Descriptive epidemiological studies are reviewed, showing that the female preponderance in depression begins to emerge around age 13. A developmentally sensitive, elaborated cognitive vulnerability-transactional stress model of depression is proposed to explain the "big fact" of the emergence of the gender difference in depression. The elaborated causal chain posits that negative events contribute to initial elevations of general negative affect. Generic cognitive vulnerability factors then moderate the likelihood that the initial negative affect will progress to full-blown depression. Increases in depression can lead transactionally to more self-generated dependent negative life events and thus begin the causal chain again. Evidence is reviewed providing preliminary support for the model as an explanation for the development of the gender difference in depression during adolescence.

Journal

Title: Psychological Bulletin

Abbreviated Title: Psychological Bulletin

Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)

ISSN (Electronic): 1939-1455

ISSN (Print): 0033-2909

Publication date Created: 2001

Publication date (Electronic): 2001

Volume: 127

Issue: 6

Pages: 773-796

Article

PubMed ID: 11726071

Copyright statement: © 2001

Product

Self URI (article page): http://doi.apa.org/getdoi.cfm?doi=10.1037/0033-2909.127.6.773