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      Male accessory gland substances from Aedes albopictus affect the locomotor activity of Aedes aegypti females

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          Abstract

          Dengue is one of the world’s most important mosquito-borne diseases and is usually transmitted by one of two vector species: Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus . These two diurnal mosquitoes are frequently found coexisting in similar habitats, enabling interactions between adults, such as cross-mating. The objective of this study was to assess cross-mating between Ae. aegypti females and Ae. albopictus males under artificial conditions and evaluate the locomotor activity of Ae. aegypti virgin females injected with male accessory gland (MAG) homogenates to infer the physiological and behavioural responses to interspecific mating. After seven days of exposure, 3.3-16% of Ae. aegypti females mated with Ae. albopictus males. Virgin Ae. aegypti females injected with conspecific and heterospecific MAGs showed a general decrease in locomotor activity compared to controls and were refractory to mating with conspecific males. The reduction in diurnal locomotor activity induced by injections of conspecific or heterospecific MAGs is consistent with regulation of female reproductive activities by male substances, which are capable of sterilising female Ae. aegypti through satyrisation by Ae. albopictus .

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          R: A Lenguage and Environment for Statisctical Computing

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            Invasions by insect vectors of human disease.

            Nonindigenous vectors that arrive, establish, and spread in new areas have fomented throughout recorded history epidemics of human diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, typhus, and plague. Although some vagile vectors, such as adults of black flies, biting midges, and tsetse flies, have dispersed into new habitats by flight or wind, human-aided transport is responsible for the arrival and spread of most invasive vectors, such as anthropophilic fleas, lice, kissing bugs, and mosquitoes. From the fifteenth century to the present, successive waves of invasion of the vector mosquitoes Aedes aegypti, the Culex pipiens Complex, and, most recently, Aedes albopictus have been facilitated by worldwide ship transport. Aircraft have been comparatively unimportant for the transport of mosquito invaders. Mosquito species that occupy transportable container habitats, such as water-holding automobile tires, have been especially successful as recent invaders. Propagule pressure, previous success, and adaptations to human habits appear to favor successful invasions by vectors.
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              Male accessory gland secretions: modulators of female reproductive physiology and behavior.

              Secretions of male accessory glands contain a variety of bioactive molecules. When transferred during mating, these molecules exert wide-ranging effects on female reproductive activity and they improve the male's chances of siring a significant proportion of the female's offspring. The accessory gland secretions may affect virtually all aspects of the female's reproductive activity. The secretions may render her unwilling or unable to remate for some time, facilitating sperm storage and ensuring that any eggs laid will be fertilized by that male's sperm. They may stimulate an increase in the number and rate of development of eggs and modulate ovulation and/or oviposition. Antimicrobial agents in the secretions ensure that the female reproductive tract is a hospitable environment during sperm transfer. In a few species the secretions include noxious chemicals. These are sequestered by developing eggs that are thereby protected from predators and pathogens when laid.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz
                Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz
                Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
                Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde
                0074-0276
                1678-8060
                December 2013
                December 2013
                : 108
                : Suppl 1
                : 18-25
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Programa de Computação Científica
                [2 ] Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários
                [3 ] Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
                [4 ] lnstituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia/Entomologia Molecular, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Brasilia, DF, Brasil
                [5 ] Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, Florida, USA
                Author notes
                [+ ] Corresponding author: tammylimacamara@gmail.com

                Financial support: FAPERJ (E-26/111.302/2011), INCT-EM/CNPq (407744/2012-6), NIH-USA (R21 AI095780)

                [†]

                In memoriam

                Article
                0074-0276130381
                10.1590/0074-0276130381
                4109176
                24473799
                e5b8384c-46bd-4139-9a3a-4f929a143919

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 25 July 2013
                : 26 September 2013
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 3, References: 47, Pages: 8
                Funding
                Funded by: FAPERJ
                Award ID: E-26/111.302/2011
                Funded by: INCT-EM/CNPq
                Award ID: 407744/2012-6
                Funded by: NIH-USA
                Award ID: R21 AI095780
                Categories
                Articles

                aedes aegypti,aedes albopictus ,cross-mating,locomotor activity,laboratory

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