Molecular players involved in temperature-dependent sex determination and sex differentiation in Teleost fish

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Abstract

The molecular mechanisms that underlie sex determination and differentiation are conserved and diversified. In fish species, temperature-dependent sex determination and differentiation seem to be ubiquitous and molecular players involved in these mechanisms may be conserved. Although how the ambient temperature transduces signals to the undifferentiated gonads remains to be elucidated, the genes downstream in the sex differentiation pathway are shared between sex-determining mechanisms. In this paper, we review recent advances on the molecular players that participate in the sex determination and differentiation in fish species, by putting emphasis on temperature-dependent sex determination and differentiation, which include temperature-dependent sex determination and genetic sex determination plus temperature effects. Application of temperature-dependent sex differentiation in farmed fish and the consequences of temperature-induced sex reversal are discussed.

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DMY is a Y-specific DM-domain gene required for male development in the medaka fish.

Masaru Matsuda, Yoshitaka Nagahama, Ai Shinomiya … (2002)

Although the sex-determining gene Sry has been identified in mammals, no comparable genes have been found in non-mammalian vertebrates. Here, we used recombinant breakpoint analysis to restrict the sex-determining region in medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) to a 530-kilobase (kb) stretch of the Y chromosome. Deletion analysis of the Y chromosome of a congenic XY female further shortened the region to 250 kb. Shotgun sequencing of this region predicted 27 genes. Three of these genes were expressed during sexual differentiation. However, only the DM-related PG17 was Y specific; we thus named it DMY. Two naturally occurring mutations establish DMY's critical role in male development. The first heritable mutant--a single insertion in exon 3 and the subsequent truncation of DMY--resulted in all XY female offspring. Similarly, the second XY mutant female showed reduced DMY expression with a high proportion of XY female offspring. During normal development, DMY is expressed only in somatic cells of XY gonads. These findings strongly suggest that the sex-specific DMY is required for testicular development and is a prime candidate for the medaka sex-determining gene.

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From 2R to 3R: evidence for a fish-specific genome duplication (FSGD).

Axel Meyer, Yves Van de Peer (2005)

An important mechanism for the evolution of phenotypic complexity, diversity and innovation, and the origin of novel gene functions is the duplication of genes and entire genomes. Recent phylogenomic studies suggest that, during the evolution of vertebrates, the entire genome was duplicated in two rounds (2R) of duplication. Later, approximately 350 mya, in the stem lineage of ray-finned (actinopterygian) fishes, but not in that of the land vertebrates, a third genome duplication occurred-the fish-specific genome duplication (FSGD or 3R), leading, at least initially, to up to eight copies of the ancestral deuterostome genome. Therefore, the sarcopterygian (lobe-finned fishes and tetrapods) genome possessed originally only half as many genes compared to the derived fishes, just like the most-basal and species-poor lineages of extant fishes that diverged from the fish stem lineage before the 3R duplication. Most duplicated genes were secondarily lost, yet some evolved new functions. The genomic complexity of the teleosts might be the reason for their evolutionary success and astounding biological diversity.

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Genome duplication, a trait shared by 22000 species of ray-finned fish.

John S. Taylor, Ingo Braasch, Tancred Frickey … (2003)

Through phylogeny reconstruction we identified 49 genes with a single copy in man, mouse, and chicken, one or two copies in the tetraploid frog Xenopus laevis, and two copies in zebrafish (Danio rerio). For 22 of these genes, both zebrafish duplicates had orthologs in the pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes). For another 20 of these genes, we found only one pufferfish ortholog but in each case it was more closely related to one of the zebrafish duplicates than to the other. Forty-three pairs of duplicated genes map to 24 of the 25 zebrafish linkage groups but they are not randomly distributed; we identified 10 duplicated regions of the zebrafish genome that each contain between two and five sets of paralogous genes. These phylogeny and synteny data suggest that the common ancestor of zebrafish and pufferfish, a fish that gave rise to approximately 22000 species, experienced a large-scale gene or complete genome duplication event and that the pufferfish has lost many duplicates that the zebrafish has retained.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Zhi-Gang Shen

Han-Ping Wang

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Genet Sel Evol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Genet. Sel. Evol

Title: Genetics, Selection, Evolution : GSE

Publisher: BioMed Central

ISSN (Print): 0999-193X

ISSN (Electronic): 1297-9686

Publication date Collection: 2014

Publication date (Electronic): 15 April 2014

Volume: 46

Issue: 1

Page: 26

Affiliations

[1 ]Aquaculture Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, The Ohio State University South Centers, Piketon, Ohio 45661, USA

[2 ]College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China

Article

Publisher ID: 1297-9686-46-26

DOI: 10.1186/1297-9686-46-26

PMC ID: 4108122

PubMed ID: 24735220

SO-VID: e5c0c087-3d71-4269-8880-541aa19f1f36

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

Molecular players involved in temperature-dependent sex determination and sex differentiation in Teleost fish

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Genes & Diseases

Most cited references 188

DMY is a Y-specific DM-domain gene required for male development in the medaka fish.

From 2R to 3R: evidence for a fish-specific genome duplication (FSGD).

Genome duplication, a trait shared by 22000 species of ray-finned fish.

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