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      Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction and Ionic Liquid Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Coupled with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Determination of Hexachlorophene in Cosmetics

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      Chromatographia
      Springer Nature

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          Traditional Extractants in Nontraditional Solvents:  Groups 1 and 2 Extraction by Crown Ethers in Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids†

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            Temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid phase micro-extraction.

            The present study reports a novel, green and environmental benign sample enrichment method termed temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid phase micro-extraction. An ionic liquid [C6MIM][PF6], was used as the extraction solvent and pyrethroid pesticides as the model compounds. The ionic liquid was dispersed completely into the aqueous solution under the drive of temperature, and the analytes will more easily migrate into the ionic liquid phase because of the much larger contact area than that of conventional single drop liquid micro-extraction. Results obtained indicated that this system could be tuned to a great extent because ionic liquids can be designable and the method does not suffer from the limitations of that in conventional solvent micro-extraction. Analytical parameters of the proposed method were investigated and good linear range (1.5-100 microg L(-1)), detection limits (0.28-0.6 microg L(-1)), and precision (RSD of 2.7-9.3%, n=6) was obtained. Good spiked recoveries from six real water samples proved that this method was competitive in practical applications. Considering the large variety of ionic liquids and the tunable amounts of used ionic liquids in different experiments, the proposed method earns many merits and will have a wide application perspective in the future.
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              Determination of chlorophenols in water samples using simultaneous dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and derivatization followed by gas chromatography-electron-capture detection.

              Simultaneous dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and derivatization combined with gas chromatography-electron-capture detection (GC-ECD) was used to determine chlorophenols (CPs) in water sample. In this derivatization/extraction method, 500 microL acetone (disperser solvent) containing 10.0 microL chlorobenzene (extraction solvent) and 50 microL acetic anhydride (derivatization reagent) was rapidly injected by syringe in 5.00 mL aqueous sample containing CPs (analytes) and K(2)CO(3) (0.5%, w/v). Within a few seconds the analytes derivatized and extracted at the same time. After centrifugation, 0.50 microL of sedimented phase containing enriched analytes was determined by GC-ECD. Some effective parameters on derivatization and extraction, such as extraction and disperser solvent type and their volume, amount of derivatization reagent, derivatization and extraction time, salt addition and amount of K(2)CO(3) were studied and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, enrichment factors and recoveries are in the range of 287-906 and 28.7-90.6%, respectively. The calibration graphs are linear in the range of 0.02-400 microg L(-1) and limit of detections (LODs) are in the range of 0.010-2.0 microg L(-1). The relative standard deviations (RSDs, for 200 microg L(-1) of MCPs, 100 microg L(-1) of DCPs, 4.00 microg L(-1) of TCPs, 2.00 microg L(-1) of TeCPs and PCP in water) with and without using internal standard are in the range of 0.6-4.7% (n=7) and 1.7-7.1% (n=7), respectively. The relative recoveries of well, tap and river water samples which have been spiked with different levels of CPs are 91.6-104.7, 80.8-117.9 and 83.3-101.3%, respectively. The obtained results show that simultaneous DLLME and derivatization combined with GC-ECD is a fast simple method for the determination of CPs in water samples.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Chromatographia
                Chromatographia
                Springer Nature
                0009-5893
                1612-1112
                May 2017
                March 15 2017
                May 2017
                : 80
                : 5
                : 783-791
                Article
                10.1007/s10337-017-3283-5
                e5f17d24-a08d-44b2-93ae-e8b19ac4e4bc
                © 2017

                http://www.springer.com/tdm

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