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      Prevalência e impacto da incontinência urinária na qualidade de vida da mulher Translated title: Prevalence and impact of female urinary incontinence on quality of life

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          Abstract

          Objetivos: A incontinência urinária é um problema de saúde com repercussões multidimensionais que interferem negativamente na qualidade de vida das mulheres. É frequentemente subdiagnosticada e não tratada. Neste sentido, pretende-se determinar a prevalência da incontinência urinária, avaliar o impacto desta patologia na qualidade de vida e a sua eventual associação com fatores epidemiológicos. Tipo de Estudo: transversal analítico. Local: unidades funcionais onde trabalham os autores. População: amostra de 1.918 mulheres com mais de 40 anos. Métodos: As variáveis estudadas foram: idade, estado civil, escolaridade, índice de massa corporal, número de filhos, tipo de incontinência, duração, referência do problema ao médico e sua orientação. O impacto na qualidade de vida foi avaliado através do questionário CONTILIFE©. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo programa SPSS 20.0®. Usaram-se como testes paramétricos o teste t Student e a correlação de Pearson e como teste não paramétrico o método de Spearman. Adotou-se um nível de significância estatística de p = 0,05. Resultados: Das 1.291 mulheres inquiridas (idade média 60 anos), 23% tinham incontinência e a sua qualidade de vida global foi diminuída para 6,7 (em 10). O impacto na qualidade de vida aumenta (p = 0,05) com o índice de massa corporal e com o número de partos. Das 38% mulheres com incontinência que abordaram esta questão com o seu médico de família (MF), 66% tiveram uma orientação (farmacológica ou outra, como referenciação). A abordagem do problema com o MF associou-se de forma direta às mulheres com maior impacto negativo (p < 0,001) na qualidade de vida. Conclusão: Este estudo demonstra que, embora tendo uma prevalência elevada e com forte impacto na qualidade de vida, apenas cerca de 1/3 das mulheres com incontinência urinária aborda esta problemática com o seu médico, sendo que 2/3 obtêm uma orientação - farmacológica ou outra como referenciação.

          Translated abstract

          Objectives: Urinary incontinence is a health problem with many negative effects on the quality of life of women. It is often under-diagnosed and untreated. This is a study of the prevalence of urinary incontinence, its impact on quality of life, and its association with demographic factors. Study Design: analytical cross-sectional Setting: The family health units of the authors Participants: A sample of 1918 women over age 40 Methods: The variables studied were age, marital status, education, body mass index, number of children, type of incontinence, duration, referral the problem to the doctor and treatment. The impact on quality of life was assessed using the CONTILIFE© questionnaire. The level of significance was set at p = 0.05. Results: Of the 1291 women responding (mean age 60 years), 23% had urinary incontinence. Their quality of life score was 6.7 points out of a possible 10. The impact on quality of life increases (p = 0.05) with illiteracy, body mass index, and the number of births. 38% of women with urinary incontinence have addressed this issue with their doctor. 66% received either drug treatment or referral. Reporting the problem to the family doctor was associated with greater impact of incontinence on quality of life. (p<0.001) Conclusions: This study found a high prevalence of urinary incontinence in this population with significant impact on quality of life. Only one third of women with urinary incontinence addressed this problem with their doctor and two thirds of these women received drug treatment or referral.

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          Most cited references69

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          A community-based epidemiological survey of female urinary incontinence: the Norwegian EPINCONT study. Epidemiology of Incontinence in the County of Nord-Trøndelag.

          The aim was to assess the prevalence of any urinary leakage in an unselected female population in Norway, and to estimate the prevalence of significant incontinence. The EPINCONT Study is part of a large survey (HUNT 2) performed in a county in Norway during 1995-97. Everyone aged 20 years or more was invited. 27,936 (80%) of 34,755 community-dwelling women answered a questionnaire. A validated severity index was used to assess severity. Twenty-five percent of the participating women had urinary leakage. Nearly 7% had significant incontinence, defined as moderate or severe incontinence that was experienced as bothersome. The prevalence of incontinence increased with increasing age. Half of the incontinence was of stress type, 11% had urge and 36% mixed incontinence. Urinary leakage is highly prevalent. Seven percent have significant incontinence and should be regarded as potential patients.
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            Urinary incontinence in women.

            Urinary incontinence is common in women, but is under-reported and under-treated. Urine storage and emptying is a complex coordination between the bladder and urethra, and disturbances in the system due to childbirth, aging, or other medical conditions can lead to urinary incontinence. The two main types of incontinence in women, stress urinary incontinence and urge urinary incontinence, can be evaluated by history and simple clinical assessment available to most primary care physicians. There is a wide range of therapeutic options, but the recent proliferation of new drug treatments and surgical devices for urinary incontinence have had mixed results; direct-to-consumer advertising has increased public awareness of the problem of urinary incontinence, but many new products are being introduced without long-term assessment of their safety and efficacy.
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              Urinary incontinence in US women: a population-based study.

              Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common disorder that is increasingly important as our population ages. Less is known about UI in younger women, and few large surveys have been able to determine risk factors by linking their data to patients' medical findings. We conducted a population-based, age-stratified postal survey of 6000 women aged between 30 and 90 years who were enrolled in a large health maintenance organization in Washington State. The response rate was 64% (n = 3536) after exclusion criteria were applied. The population-based prevalence of UI was 45%. Prevalence increased with age, from 28% for 30- to 39-year-old women to 55% for 80- to 90-year-old women. Eighteen percent of respondents reported severe UI. The prevalence of severe UI also increased notably with age, from 8% for 30- to 39-year-old women to 33% for 80- to 90-year-old women. Older age, higher body mass index (BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters), greater medical comorbidity, current major depression, a history of hysterectomy, and parity increased the odds of having UI. Not being white and having had only cesarean deliveries decreased the odds of having UI. Major depression (odds ratio, 2.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.65-3.72) and obesity, defined as having a BMI of 30 or greater (odds ratio, 2.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.99-2.87), had the strongest association with UI. Among women with UI, age, BMI, medical comorbidity, current major depression, diabetes, a history of hysterectomy, and having had only cesarean deliveries were significantly associated with severe UI. Urinary incontinence is highly prevalent in women across their adult life span, and its severity increases linearly with age. Age, BMI, race, medical comorbidity, current major depression, a history of hysterectomy, parity, and having only had cesarean deliveries are each independent factors significantly associated with the likelihood of having UI.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rpmgf
                Revista Portuguesa de Medicina Geral e Familiar
                Rev Port Med Geral Fam
                Associação Portuguesa de Medicina Geral e Familiar (Lisboa )
                2182-5173
                November 2013
                : 29
                : 6
                : 364-376
                Affiliations
                [1 ] USF Nova Salus Portugal
                [2 ] USF Famílias Portugal
                [3 ] USF Vale do Vouga Portugal
                [4 ] USF Calâmbriga Portugal
                [5 ] USF Camélias Portugal
                Article
                S2182-51732013000600004
                e604ce96-1398-4f79-a570-ff03372ecac9

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Portugal

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.mec.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=2182-5173&lng=en
                Categories
                MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

                Internal medicine
                Urinary Incontinence,Women,Quality of Life,Incontinência Urinária,Mulher,Qualidade de Vida

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